Part Of The Mechanism Of Lung Impairment Caused By Smoking And The Intervention Effect Of Andrographolide

PartⅠ Cross-sectional study on the association between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）Objective:To analyze and discuss the prevalence of COPD and related risk factors among adult residents in some areas of Jiangsu Province,and provide scientific strategies and measures for the prevention and treatment of COPD.Methods:A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 7615 adults from Jiangsu Province as the survey subjects.Standardized questionnaires were used by medical staff to conduct face-to-face surveys of the research subjects.The diagnostic criterion for COPD is FEV₁/FVC<70%,the differences of continuous variables and multi-categorical variables were compared between different groups by using t-test and chi-square test.The single factors which might affect COPD prevalence were analyzed by chi-square test,and binary logistic regression was administered to analyze the impact of meaningful single factors on the prevalence of COPD under different groups.Results:The average age of 7615 subjects was 51.34±9.64 years old,including 3321 males（43.6%）and 4294 females（56.4%）.The average values of lung function parameters including both FEV₁and FVC in the whole population are 2.44±0.72L and 3.00±0.83L respectively.The average values of FEV₁ and FVC both in men and women are respectively 2.79±0.73L,3.45±0.82L and 2.17±0.57L,2.65±0.66L,and FEV₁ and FVC values in men were statistically higher than women.The average FEV₁/FVC of women is 82.68±12.12（%）which was higher than 81.35±12.14（%）from men.The prevalence of COPD in men（13.9%）was greater than that of women（10.4%）,and the difference was statistically significant.Among different age groups,the prevalence of COPD in the group≥60 years old was 18.4%.Whether or not smoking and different smoking status have an impact on the prevalence of COPD,and different smoking levels also have an impact on COPD and the difference was statistically significant.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that old age,male and heavy smoking are all important risk factors for COPD.Conclusions:The prevalence of COPD was relatively high,older than 50,males,low BMI,and heavy smoking were all important risk factors for COPD;Early diagnosis and early treatment of COPD to reduce the burden of COPD and other related diseasesPart Ⅱ Lung impairment in mice exposed to cigarette smoke and the intervention of andrographolideObjectives: To explore the changes in lung function-related indicators,inflammatory factors,and related pathways circ RNAHIPK3 and mi RNA-224 in mice exposed to different cigarette smoke concentrations,and to understand the intervention effect of andrographolide on smoking-induced emphysema and related pathway inflammation changes in the levels of factors and micro RNAs.Methods: 60 male SPF BALB/c strain mice were divided into six groups each 10 mice by random number table method.Group A was the normal control group;Group B was the low-concentration cigarette smoke group（100mg/m3TPM）;Group C was medium concentration cigarette smoke group（200 mg/m3TPM）;Group D was high concentration cigarette smoke（300 mg/m3TPM）+ normal saline group;Group E was high concentration cigarette smoke（300 mg/m3TPM）+ andrographolide group;Group F was high concentration cigarette smoke（300mg/m3TPM）group.Group D and E were injected with saline and andrographolide once a week,and they were fed normally for one and a half months.At the end of the experiment,non-invasive systemic lung function tests and inflammatory factors and RNA levels were tested.Results: In this experiment,different dose of smoke cigarette caused different levels of lung impairment in mice,and there was no statistical difference of WBP test.However,there are significant differences in the levels of inflammatory factors and RNA between the mice in each group.The serum blood and right lung bronchial lavage fluid of the group F contained more inflammatory factors IL-6/IL-8 than the group A,group B and group C,which are the same as those of group D,which is statistically significant.The level of IL-6/IL-8 of group E declined compared with group F.The expression level of circ RNA_HIPK3 in serum blood and right lung bronchial lavage fluid in group F with high concentration of cigarette smoke was higher than that in group A,group B,and C,which was similar to the level of group D,while the expression of circ RNA_HIPK3 in group E has declined compared with group F.The level of mi RNA-224 in group F and group D were the lowest,while group E was higher than that in groups D and F,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions: Different dose of cigarette smoke can cause various levels of lung impairment in mice,with the increase of the expression level of IL-6,IL-8 and circ RNA_HIPK3,and the decrease of the expression level of mi RNA-224.There is a significant antagonistic effect of andrographolide on this pathway.