Analysis Of Risk Factors For Patient Death After Aortic Valve Replacement With A Biological Heart Valve

Objective: Valvular heart disease is one of the common causes of abnormal cardiac circulatory function.The primary treatment modality is surgical,improving the patient’s hemodynamic disturbances by transplanting an artificial valve,which is commonly used clinically as a mechanical heart valve or a biological heart valve.Due to the large number of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery with biological valves and the still high number of postoperative deaths,we conducted the present case-control study to improve the survival rate of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery with biological valves by analyzing the risk factors that may affect postoperative mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery with biological valves.This informs clinical work with evidence-based medicine.Methods: Patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery with a biological valve in our cardiovascular surgery department from January 2016 to April 2021 were studied.The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software,and we set P<0.05 as a statistically significant difference.Results: After the screening,577 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with a biological valve were included in this study.Univariate analysis of the data revealed significant differences between the mortality and survival groups for six risk factors: age,BMI,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),preoperative aortic stenosis with insufficiency,perivalvular leak,and secondary surgery during hospitalization.In binary logistic regression analysis,we found an association between left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement using biological valves.Conclusion: Nine factors,namely patient age,BMI,preoperative left ventricular diastolic internal diameter,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),time of hospitalization,preoperative aortic stenosis with insufficiency,hypertension,perivalvular leak,and secondary surgery during hospitalization,were associated with postoperative mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with a biological valve.Although no significant associations were found in this study between cardiac function class,diabetes mellitus,arrhythmia,and rheumatic heart valvular disease and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with a biological valve,we believe that these risk factors should be of concern to cardiac surgeons.Limitations such as the small sample size and lack of blinded implementation in this study will affect the scientific soundness of the conclusions of this study.Further validation of the conclusions of the current study is still needed in relevant studies with scientific design and large sample size.