A Comparative Study On The Slaughter Performance And Meat Quality Of Kazakh Horses Of Different Ages Under Grazing Conditions

In order to develop and rationally use Kazakh horse meat products in Altay,this experiment adopted Kazakh horses in Altay as the research object,and randomly selected 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 years old under grazing conditions.There were 10 Kazakh horses of all ages,80 horses in total,and their body measurements were measured.And 18 Kazakh horses of various ages were selected for comparative analysis of slaughter rate,meat quality and nutritional composition.Evaluate the meat quality characteristics of different parts of Kazakh horses in various age groups,and recommend the best slaughter age of Kazakh horses in Altay region based on the above indicators,and provide scientific basis for recommending the development of Kazakh horse meat products in Altay region.This test is divided into three tests:Test 1:The body size of Kazakh horses of different ages was measured by conventional measurement methods.The results showed that the body height first increased and then decreased with the increase of age;with the increase of age,the body length of the stallion continued to increase.Before 10 years old;7-year-old body length reached the highest peak;the chest circumference and age of Kazakh horses were significantly different（P<0.01）;3-year-old and 4-year-old horses were significantly different from horses of other ages（P<0.05）;There is no significant correlation with age;there is no significant difference between Kazakh horse body length rate and tube circumference rate and age.Under most grazing conditions,the body length rate of Kazakh horses in the Altay region is greater than 106%,the chest circumference rate is greater than 120.3%,and the tube circumference rate is between 13%and 14%,indicating that the Kazakh horses under the grazing conditions are of the tying type or staking.Combination typeTest 2:In this test,18 Kazakh horses of various ages were selected to determine the slaughter rate and the national standard method was used to determine the meat quality of different parts of Kazakh horses of various ages under grazing conditions.The results showed that:Kazakh horses have good slaughter performance,and the highest slaughter rate of 3-year-old horses is 55%.There is a very significant difference between the live weight of 3-year-old and 5-year-old Kazakh horses and the last three groups of age（P<0.01）,7 The carcass weight of an 8-year-old Kazakh horse was significantly different from that of an 8-year-old Kazakh horse（P<0.01）.The slaughter rate of 3-year-old horses was significantly higher than that of 9-year-old horses（P<0.01）.There is no significant difference in the p H value and color of the meat of various parts of the Kazakh horse in different age groups;there are significant differences between the shearing force and the cooked meat rate（P<0.05）,and the shearing force and cooked meat rate increase with age Gradually increase.The meat quality of different parts of the Kazakh horse is not significantly different,and the L*degree of pork ribs is significantly higher than that of the foreleg meat and the longissimus dorsi（P<0.05）;the results of this test show that there is no difference in the meat quality of different parts;3 Year-old Kazakh horse has the highest slaughter rate and better meat quality in different parts.It is recommended as the best slaughter age.Test 3:This test adopts the national standard method to determine the nutrient composition of different parts of Kazakh horses of various ages under grazing conditions.The results showed that there were significant differences in the conventional nutrient content of Kazakh horse meat at different ages.The moisture content of horse meat at the age of 3 and 5 was 73.64%and 73.28%,respectively;the moisture content gradually decreased with the increase of age.The crude protein content of 8-year-old and9-year-old horses was significantly different from the other four age groups（P<0.05）;there were no significant differences in the crude fat and crude ash content of horse meat in each age group（P>0.05）.The amino acid content of each age group is extremely significant;the total amino acid content of the6-year-old Kazakh horse’s front leg is 43.43%;the 6-year-old Kazakh horse’s front leg is threonine,valine,methionine,isoleucine,light The content of seven essential amino acids,including amino acid,phenylalanine,and lysine,was significantly higher than that of 9-year-old Kazakh horses（P<0.01）;the content of arginine amino acids,tyrosine and leucine in Kazakh horses of different age groups Not significant（P>0.05）,there are very significant differences among other amino acid content（P<0.01）;the total amino acid content of Kazakh horse hind legs of different age groups increases with age,and reaches the total amino acid content of 7 years old It tends to be stable,and age has a greater influence on amino acid content.The total amino acid content and essential amino acid content of the 7-year-old Kazakh horse rib meat were the highest,35.36%and 12.51%respectively;the total amino acid and essential amino acid content of the 9-year-old horse rib meat were significantly different from those of other age groups（P<0.01）.The total amino acid and essential amino acid content of the longissimus muscle of the 7-year-old Kazakh horse is the highest;since the age of 8 years,the amino acid content of the longissimus muscle of the Kazakh horse gradually decreases with age.There are significant differences in the fatty acid content of different parts of the meat of each age group（P<0.05）;the content of linolenic acid in the front leg meat of a 3-year-old horse was significantly higher than that of the 9-year-old（P<0.01）;the content of linoleic acid in the front leg meat of a 3-year-old horse Significantly higher than 9-year-old horses（P<0.01）;9-year-old horses’front leg meat palmitic acid was significantly higher than 7-year-old horses（P<0.01）;9-year-old horses’front leg meat stearic acid was significantly higher than 5-year-old horses（P<0.01）;the oleic acid of the front leg meat of 8-year-old horses was significantly higher than that of 3-year-old and 7-year-old horses.The fat vitamin A content of 3-year-old horses was significantly higher than that of 9-year-old horses（P<0.01）;the fat vitamin D3 content of 5-year-old horses was significantly higher than that of8-year-old horses（P<0.01）.The cholesterol content of 9-year-old horse’s front leg meat was significantly higher than that of 3-year-old,6-year-old and 8-year-old horses;6-year-old horse’s hind legs were significantly higher than 8-year-old Kazakh horses（P<0.01）;8-year-old horse ribs were significantly higher than 3-year-old horses,6-year-old and 9-year-old horses（P<0.01）.There are significant differences in the cholesterol content of meat in different parts of each age group.The cholesterol content of the front leg meat of a 3-year-old horse was significantly different from that of the front leg meat of a 9-year-old horse（P<0.01）;the cholesterol content of the hind leg meat of 9-year-old and 7-year-old horses was significantly higher than that of year-old horses（P<0.01）;There are significant differences between3-year-old horse ribs and 6,7,8,and 9-year-old horses;the cholesterol content of the longissimus muscle of horses at 7,8,and 9 years old is higher than that of 3-year-old horses.The fat of young foals is rich in vitamin A and vitamin D₃,and there are very significant differences in the content of vitamin A and D3 in fat of various age groups.3-year-old horses have the highest vitamin A content in fat,and 9-year-old horses have the lowest fat content.The vitamin D3 content of fat in 5-year-old horses was significantly higher than that in 8-year-old horses.With age,the lower the vitamin content in fat,the vitamin content in horse meat is related to age.The water content and crude protein content of different parts of the meat are extremely significant（P<0.01）.The foreleg meat and the hind leg meat are rich in water content;the crude protein content of the fore leg meat is significantly higher than the other three parts（P<0.01）;different There was no significant difference in the content of crude fat and crude ash in the part meat（P>0.05）.3-year-old and5-year-old horses have the highest nutritional value;foreleg meat and hind leg meat have the best value.There are significant differences in the amino acid content of different parts of meat;the total amino acid content of different parts of meat is higher,which are 31.54%,33.59%,25.77%,and 26.97%。The test shows that the meat of each part is rich The amino acid content.There is no significant difference in the content of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in different parts of the meat（P>0.05）;the content of linolenic acid（18:3-n-6）and linoleic acid（18:2n-6C）in pork ribs and longissimus dorsi is higher than others The meat part is higher;the monounsaturated fatty acid content of the hind leg meat is significantly lower than the other three parts（P<0.01）.There was no significant difference in cholesterol content between foreleg meat,hind leg meat,rib meat and longissimus dorsi.The foreleg meat with the The foreleg meat with the highest cholesterol content was 15.81%.To sum uP,Kazakh horse has good slaughter Performance under grazing conditions,and meat of different ages and different Parts has rich nutritional value.