| Soil salinization is a global problem.Efficient utilization and improvement of salinized soils,finding suitable economic crops for growing on saline soils that can be planted,have important strategic significance for protecting cultivated land,food and environment for the country.Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.)is a kind of plant which came from the genus of Helianthus,owning the potential for biomass extraction and can be grown on saline soil.At present,the research of Jerusalem artichoke is mainly focused on cultivation and extraction of biomass,and its improvement of soil are not clear.In this study,"Nanyu No.1" was taken as the object,using microbiome research methods,we studied the improvement effect of planting Jerusalem artichoke on saline soil in Dafeng Nature Reserve and the structure and function of microorganisms on saline soil,here were the following results which achieved:1.The improvement effect of planting Jerusalem artichoke on saline soil was evaluated:(1)Most soil properties(soil salinity,pH,moisture,organic matter,dissolved organic carbon,alkaline phosphatase activity,catalase activity,invertase activity,HCO3-,Cl-,Mg2+,Ca2+,SO42-,Na+,K+,available potassium,available phosphorus,TB,TCu,TFe,TMn,TK,TCa,TNa,TMg and TP)have been significantly improved;(2)The diversity of soil microorganisms was significantly increased.2.Two microbial sequencing methods were used to study the changes in the structure and function of the saline soil microbes by planting Jerusalem artichoke:(1)7868 non-redundant OTUs were measured by amplicon sequencing,and 723,849 complete microbial genes were detected by the metagenomics;(2)Constructed a microbial community structure model with Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Verrucomicrobia,Gemmatimonadetes,Nitrospirae,Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria at the phylum level;(3)Annotating microbial gene functions used different databases,85,535,1,794,872,1,901,648 and 3114 genes were annotated to CAZy database,eggNOG database,KEGG database and CARD database.Further analysis showed that the gene function between rhizosphere soil and bulk soil samples in low-saline environment was significant differencent,but most of the differences are not obvious in high-salt environments;(4)WGCNA analysis screened out a large number of microorganisms related to salt stress,among which archaea play a key role;(5)Discovered when exploring the correlation between environmental factors and microbial abundance and diversity:It was found that the environmental factors that were highly correlated with microbial abundance data are catalase,soil water content,available phosphorus,invertase,alkaline phosphatase,salinity,Mg2+and HCO3-,of which catalase activity and water content were most correlated with microbial abundance results obtained by amplicon sequencing,while water content,alkaline phosphatase,organic matter content,K+,total K and HCO3-were highly correlated with microbial abundance obtained by metagenomic sequencing.3.The genomic sketches of the two microorganisms were constructed by binning and then assembling the metagenomic sequence:(1)Two sets of Bin 606 and Bin 836 were obtained,whose genome integrity was 77.6%and GC content was 68.1%and 56.8%,reaching the requirements of genome assembly and subsequent analysis;(2)By the annotation of NR database,the two microorganisms were identified as the genus of Gemmatimonas and Nitrospira;(3)RDA analysis showed that environmental factors(organic matter,alkaline phosphatase,K+,invertase and SO42-)significantly affecting the distribution of Gemmatimonas and Nitrospira.The above results would provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of plants along the beach. |
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