| Solar Greenhouse is a unique type of greenhouse in China,and its daylighting roof is the only way for solar radiation to enter the Solar Greenhouse.This experiment was based on a type of solar greenhouse with active daylighting and active heat-storage structure to study its daylighting efficiency,and its effects on photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic characters of tomato that treated with different planting density,cultivation method and retaining fruit cluster treatments.Through the experiment,the differences of environment and crops’ growth between active daylighting&heat-storage solar greenhouse and ordinary day lighting&heat-storage solar greenhouse were explored in Urumqi,Xinjiang.In this experiment,tomato was taken as the research object.In autumn cultivation experiment in 2018,the variety of tomato Taoxing’ was been used in the experiment;3 different planting density treatments(D1,D2,D3)was been designed in 2 different daylighting&heat-storage solar greenhouses,6 different experimental treatments combinations in total at this experiment in 2018.In spring cultivation experiment in 2019,the variety of tomato ’Jinpeng M703’was been used in the experiment;2 different planting density treatments(D1,D2),2 different cultivation method(planted number)treatments(M1,M2)and 3 different retaining fruit cluster treatments(C1,C2,C3)were been designed in 2 different daylighting&heat-storage solar greenhouses,18 different experimental treatments combinations in total at this experiment in 2019.Recording the environmental data during the experiment,such as Intensity of Illumination(Ii),Temperature(Te)and Relative Humidity(RH)inside and outside the solar greenhouses.During the growth of tomato plants,the data of photosynthetic characteristics such as Net Photosynthetic Rate(Pn),Stomatal Conductance(Gs),Intercellular CO2 Concentration(Ci)and Transpiration Rate(Tr)were measured at the condition of sunny day.Agronomic characters data such as plant height,stem diameter,single fruit quality and yield were measured at the late stage of plant growth.The results of the experiment are as follows:(1)According to the located sequence of the solar greenhouses in the place where took the experiment,the two solar greenhouses which provided for the experiment were named Solar Greenhouse Ⅱ(G2)and Solar Greenhouses Ⅲ(G3).Active daylighting&heat-storage solar greenhouse(G2)has certain influence on its internal environment.During the 3 days when photosynthetic characteristics of tomato was measured in autumn,the Ii of G2 were 4.39%,5.85%and 5.67%higher than ordinary daylighting&heat-storage solar greenhouse(G3);during the day-time,the average Te of the two solar greenhouses was about 20℃,and the RH of G2 was about 6%to 10%higher than G3;during the night-time,the average Te of G2 was about 6℃,which was about 1℃ to 2℃ higher than G3,there was no significant differences between the two solar greenhouses on their RH during the night-time.Under the condonation of sunny day,overcast-sky day and cloudy day in spring,the Ii of G2 were 4.03%,9.02%and 6.53%higher than G3;under the condition of sunny day and overcast-sky day,the differences of Te between two solar greenhouses during the day-time or night-time wasn’t so obvious,but under the condition of cloudy day,the Te of G2 was about 2℃ higher than G3 during the day-time and during the night-time,and the Te of G2 was 6℃ higher than external world during the day-time,4℃ higher than external world during the night-time;under these 3 different kinds of weather conditions,no matter if it’s day-time or night-time,the RH of G2 was higher than G3 and external world.There were no heating equipment and heat preservation covering material on these two solar greenhouses during the experiment period in autumn and spring.(2)As in improving the photosynthetic characteristics of tomato,G2 has played an ideal role,it was closely related to the environment situation which was high efficiency of daylighting,high Te and high RH inside G2.In autumn,the effect of G2 on tomatoes’ Pn and Gs were better than G3 under the condition of high planting density of cultivated method,and they were 6.80%and 49.72%higher than G3;but within the same solar greenhouse,tomatoes’ Pn,Gs and Tr were decreased with the increasing of planting density,the Ci was opposite.In spring,the effect of G2 on tomatoes’ Gs and Ci were better than G3 under the condition of D2M2 cultivated method;the effect of G2 on tomatoes’ Pn and Tr were better than G3 under the condition of D1M1 cultivated method;but within the same solar greenhouse,tomatoes’ Pn was increased with the increasing of planting density,the Gs,Ci and Tr were opposite,among them,the lower the transpiration rate(Tr)was the better,which can effectively maintain the moisture inside the plant,that was to say,within the same solar greenhouse the effect on tomatoes’ Tr was better under the condition of D2M2 cultivated method.(3)In the field of plant height and stem diameter,the tomatoes within G2 were tall and coarse in autumn,but in spring they were tall and thin.The tomatoes’ first inflorescence node position was around 7th section within G2 and G3,they all belong to high first flowered node section tomatoes.The flowered number and borne fruit number of tomatoes has no significant differences between G2 and G3.The firmness and sugar content of tomato fruit within G2 weren’t as good as tomatoes within G3,it has no benefit for tomatoes within G2 for the long-term storage and long-distance transportation,and its taste was not as good as tomato within G3.But the fruit flesh thickness,length of fruit longitudinal and fruit transverse of tomatoes within G2 were better than tomatoes within G3,which means G2’s tomatoes were bigger than G3’s,and its weight of single fruit was heavier than G3’s.The yield that convert into per Mu(yield)of tomatoes with the treatment combination of each planting density,cultivation method(planted number)and retaining fruit cluster treatment within G2 was better than the yield of tomatoes of corresponded treatment combination within G3,and the tomatoes’ yield of treatment combination G2-D2M2-C3 was reached to 14625.79 kg/667 m2,and the mature stage of tomato within G2 was 7 days to 10 days earlier than G3,G2 has great benefit for tomatoes’ high production and early maturity.The solar greenhouse with the type of active daylighting&heat-storage structure not only has an ideal effect on the improvement of its internal environment,but also has an ideal effect on the photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic characters of tomatoes that planted within it.Especially on the field of its daylighting function,tomatoes’ yield and early maturity and so on. |
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