Study On The Applicability Of Nutrient Expert System (NE) In Potato Production Of Central And Southern Jilin Province

In order to study the applicability of nutrient expert system(NE)in potato production in the central and southern part of Jilin Province,field experiments were carried out on different soil types in two regions(2019 Gongzhuling and 2020 Lishu),and four different fertilization treatments(CK,no fertilization;FP,farmers habit;ST,soil test formula fertilization;NE,nutrient fertilization expert system),determination of main potato growth period(seedling,tuber formation,tuber bulking stage,starch accumulation stage,mature stage)of leaf area index(LAI)and chlorophyll content(SPAD)and dry matter accumulation quantity index,analysis of maturity of plant nutrient accumulation amount,tuber yield,commodity potato rate and quality indicators,The cost input,benefit and profit of potato production were calculated to determine the agronomic effect,economic benefit and quality influence of NE recommended fertilization,and then the applicability of NE system in potato production in the central and southern part of Jilin Province was evaluated.The main research results are as follows:1.NE system recommended fertilization to promote potato growth and development and increase tuber yield.During potato growth period,LAI and shoot dry weight increased gradually with plant growth,reached the maximum value in tuber expansion stage,and then decreased gradually with tuber starch accumulation.FP treatment promoted potato seedling growth,LAI and shoot dry weight were the highest in all treatments,but were significantly lower than NE and ST treatments in the middle and late stages.In the two years,compared with FP treatment,the average LAI of NE and ST treatment in mature stage was 9.2% and 6.3% higher,and the average overground dry weight was 25.2% and 18.8% higher,respectively.The changes of leaf SPAD values were small in the early stage,but showed a downward trend in the middle and late stage.The differences among the three fertilization treatments were small,and NE and ST treatments were significantly higher than FP treatments only in the late stage of Gongzuling in 2019.The dry weight of potato tubers increased continuously during the growth period.The difference of the three fertilization treatments was small in the early stage,but the difference of NE and ST treatments was significantly higher in the middle and late stage.The final tuber yield increased by 14.7% and 10.5%,respectively,compared with FP treatment.Moreover,compared with FP treatment,NE treatment also significantly increased the yield of commercial potato,with an average increase of 19%.2.NE system recommended fertilization to promote potato plant nutrient absorption and improve nutrient utilization.During the two years,there was no significant difference between NE treatment and ST treatment in nutrient accumulation of N,P and K,but NE treatment was significantly higher than FP treatment,and the nutrient accumulation of N,P and K increased by 18.5%,21.6% and 10.7% on average,respectively.The recovery efficiency,partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of N,P and K under NE and ST treatments were significantly higher than those under FP treatment.In two years,compared with FP treatment,N,P and K recovery efficiency of NE treatment increased by 103.7%,476.5% and 87.2%,respectively;partial productivity of N,P and K increased by 32.6%,72.2% and 13.8%;agronomic efficiency of N,P and K increased by 148%,375% and 86%,respectively.3.NE system recommends fertilization to reduce potato fertilizer cost and increase economic benefits.The potato planting cost of FP treatment was the highest,followed by ST treatment,and NE treatment was the lowest.Compared with FP treatment,NE treatment reduced fertilizer application by 25 kg/ha on average and reduced cost by181.5 yuan /ha,a 12.2% reduction.Accordingly,the economic income increased by4,199 yuan /ha on average,an increase of 12.4%,and the profit caused by the change of fertilization measures increased by 7,672 yuan /ha,an increase of 25%.The economic benefit and profit of ST treatment were also significantly higher than FP treatment,but there was no significant difference between ST treatment and NE treatment.4.NE system recommended fertilization to improve potato tuber quality.In the two years,there was no significant difference in starch content between NE and ST treatments,but NE treatment increased by 1.26 percentage points,or 10.7%,compared with FP treatment.The content of vitamin C in tubers treated with NE increased by an average of 13 mg/kg(6.3%)compared with that treated with ST,and by an average of31 mg/kg(17.4%)compared with that treated with FP.In two years,the soluble protein content of tubers treated with NE and ST was 5.4 mg/kg,significantly higher than that treated with FP,with an increase of more than 12%.Among the three fertilization treatments,FP treatment had the highest reducing sugar content in tubers,followed by ST treatment and NE treatment.Compared with FP treatment,the reducing sugar content of NE and ST treatment decreased by 56.7 and 57.4% on average.Above all,farming practices than NE nutrient experts recommend fertilization method measures can effectively promote the growth and development of central and southern jilin province of potatoes,and a significant increase in tuber yield and plant nutrient uptake,thus improve the economic efficiency and nutrient utilization rate,at the same time significantly improve the tuber quality,so suitable for potato production in the region,It is helpful to promote the increase of potato yield,income,quality and efficiency.