Effect Of Water And Fertilizer Coupling On Ginseng Yield And Quality And Soil Ecological Environment

Panax ginseng（Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.）is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Araliaceae ginseng.Its dried roots and rhizomes are used as medicine.It has high medicinal value and great market potential.For a long time,my country’s ginseng cultivation has always adopted the mode of cutting forests and planting ginseng,which has led to the continuous reduction of easy-to-cut forest land,rapid consumption of forest resources,and serious damage to the ecological environment.However,with the implementation of the national natural forest protection project,the traditional ginseng logging and cultivation mode has gradually changed to the farmland cultivation mode.However,the water and fertilizer technology for ginseng cultivation mostly comes from cutting forests and planting ginseng,which is quite different from the water and fertilizer of farmland planting ginseng.Therefore,in this study,three water control gradients were set up through the precision irrigation facilities of the Internet of Things,that is,the relative soil water content is 60%,80%,and 90%,and on this basis,diammonium phosphate(0 g?m^-2,50 g?m^-2,100 g?m^-2,150 g?m^-2)and zinc sulfate(0 g?m^-2,0.05 g?m^-2,0.5 g?m^-2,5 g?m^-2)Study the effects of different water conditions and different fertilizer rates on the yield,quality and soil environment of ginseng,so as to screen out the best water and fertilizer conditions to provide guarantee for the high quality and high yield of farmland ginseng,and also for the integration of water and fertilizer technology in ginseng farmland cultivation Provide the basis for the application in.The main findings are as follows:1.The effect of applying diammonium phosphate under different water conditions on the yield,quality and soil ecological environment of ginseng（1）To study the effect of applying diammonium phosphate under different water conditions on the yield of ginseng.The results showed that the application of diammonium phosphate under the condition of 80%relative water content can significantly increase the yield of ginseng,and under the condition of 80%relative water content,the highest yield of ginseng treated with 100 g?m^-2 of diammonium phosphate was 3054.04 g?m^-2,which was significantly higher than that of other fertilization treatment groups and CK,with a yield increase of 8.85%.（2）The effect of application of diammonium phosphate on the content of ginsenosides under different water conditions showed that the application of diammonium phosphate under the conditions of 80%and 90%relative water content is beneficial to the accumulation of total ginsenoside content.Under the conditions of 80%and 90%relative water content,the total saponins content increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount.The 50 g?m^-2 treatment of diammonium phosphate was the highest,being 4.98 mg?g^-1 and 4.87 mg?g^-1 respectively.The application of diammonium phosphate under the condition of 60%relative water content is beneficial to the accumulation of ginsenoside Rg1 and Re content.The content of ginsenoside Rg1+Re in the treatment with diammonium phosphate 100 g?m^-2 is higher than other treatments and CK.The change trend of ginsenoside Rg1+Re content with fertilization amount under the conditions of 80%and 90%relative water content was consistent with that of total saponins,and the Rg1+Re content was higher in the treatment with diammonium phosphate 50 g?m^-2.The content of ginsenoside Rb1 gradually increased with the increase of water content,and the treatment of 100 g?m^-2 of diammonium phosphate was the highest under the condition of 90%relative water content.（3）The soil enzyme activity of 50 g?m^-2 treatment with diammonium phosphate under 3 water conditions is higher than that of 100 g?m^-2 and 150 g?m^-2 treatments,among them,the activities of soil urease,catalase,protease and acid phosphatase treated with diammonium phosphate 50 g?m^-2 under 80%relative water content increased by 12.62%,23.54%,24.95%and 13.13%respectively compared with CK.The soil microbial community activity of each treatment with 80%water diammonium phosphate is strong,and the soil microbial community diversity index is significantly negatively correlated with enzyme activity.The soil microbial community diversity index of the treatment with diammonium phosphate 50 g?m^-2 is lower,which is beneficial Promote the increase of soil enzyme activity.Comprehensive analysis shows that the 50 g?m^-2 treatment of diammonium phosphate under the condition of 80%relative water content is the best water and fertilizer treatment,which is conducive to the increase of ginseng yield and the accumulation of saponin content.2.The effect of applying zinc sulfate under different water conditions on the yield,quality and soil ecological environment of ginseng（1）To study the effect of applying zinc sulfate under different water conditions on the yield of ginseng.The results found that the application of zinc sulfate under the condition of 80%relative water content can significantly increase the yield of ginseng.Under the condition of 80%relative water content,the yield of ginseng gradually increased with the increase of fertilization.Among them,the highest yield of zinc sulfate5 g?m^-2 treatment was 2977.08 g?m^-2,which was 6.11%higher than that of CK.（2）The effect of zinc sulfate application on the quality of ginseng under different moisture conditions showed that zinc sulfate 0.5 g?m^-2 treatment at 90%relative water content and zinc sulfate 5 g?m^-2 treatment at 80%relative water content compared with CK and other fertilization treatments,it is more beneficial to increase the total ginsenoside content.Under the condition of 80%relative water content,the content of ginsenoside Rg1+Re showed a gradual increase with the increase of fertilization,and the Rg1+Re content of zinc sulfate 5 g?m^-2 treatment was the highest.The relative water content of 80%is more conducive to the accumulation of ginsenoside Rb1 content,and it gradually increases with the increase of fertilization.（3）The increase in water content will accelerate the absorption and utilization of zinc in ginseng,and the effective zinc content in the soil will increase with the increase of fertilizer application.The functional diversity of soil microbial community is significantly negatively correlated with soil enzyme activity.Both high and low microbial activity are not conducive to the improvement of soil enzyme activity.80%relative water content has good soil microbial activity,which has a certain promoting effect on the improvement of soil enzyme activity.Among them,zinc sulfate 5 g?m^-2 treatment soil catalase,acid phosphatase and invertase are significantly higher than CK.Comprehensive analysis shows that zinc sulfate 5 g?m^-2 treatment under the condition of 80%relative water content is the best water and fertilizer treatment,which can obviously promote the increase of ginseng yield and the accumulation of saponin content.