| In order to explore the hybrid breeding advantages of Beijing You Chicken and Jilin Yellow Chicken and improve the local high-quality Yellow Chicken.In this study,complete diallel cross design was used to establish the F1 generation population of Jilin yellow chicken(HH)and Beijing oil chicken(YY),and the appearance,growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and other indicators were detected.Combined with parental data,the heterosis of different combinations was compared and analyzed.Finally,the candidate gene method was used to compare and analyze the polymorphism and meat quality correlation of known quality-related genes in hybrid populations,which provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of Jilin yellow chicken.Experiment 1 : Analysis of cross breeding between Jilin Yellow Chicken and Beijing You ChickenThe results of growth and development showed that no matter the reciprocal cross F1 generation did not show the same appearance characteristics,and the HY(reciprocal)F1 generation group was closer to the Beijing oil chicken phenotype,which showed that the crown feather rate was as high as 70.71 %,the toe rate was as high as 73.74 %,and the tibia feather and toe feather rate was as high as 88.89 %.The YH(orthogonal)value of growth body size was closer to HH,and the HY value was closer to YY.Growth body size data YH>HY,tibia YY value is the largest.The heterosis of YH was better than that of HY,and the maximum heterosis of YH was6.0334 %.The results of slaughter performance showed that the absolute and relative meat production values of hybrid combinations were closer to their female parent groups,and the slaughter rate index of YH group was significantly higher than that of two parents and HY group(p<0.05),up to 92.66 %.The absolute and relative heterosis rates of YH were basically higher than those of HY,and the heterosis of HY was better than that of YH.The maximum heterosis rates of wing weight of YH were5.5918 %,respectively.At the age of 1 week,HY had the best heterosis rate of-7.3171 %.At the age of 15 weeks,YH had the best heterosis of-5.5059 %.The results of meat quality test showed that HY had better heterosis in shear force,cooked meat rate and water loss rate than YH,and the water loss rate of HY was-7.9744 %.The maximum heterosis of YH drip loss was-13.7459 %.The amino acid content and heterosis of HY were better than those of YH.Experiment 2 : Correlation analysis of A-FABP gene polymorphism on slaughter performance of hybrid F1 chickensIn this study,the SNP loci were screened by direct sequencing of genomic PCR,and then the polymorphism was analyzed by high resolution melting curve(HRM)and competitive allele-specific PCR(KASP).Finally,the correlation between each genotype and slaughter traits was analyzed.The C/T mutation at position 121353265 of A-FABP gene had three genotypes of CC,CT and TT.Among them,CC was the dominant genotype in Jilin yellow chicken population,CT was the dominant genotype in the other three chicken populations,and C was the dominant gene in all four populations.Chi-square test results showed that C/T mutation was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all four populations,with moderate polymorphism(0.25<PIC<0.5)and low heterozygosity,which had certain genetic significance.The comparative analysis of slaughter performance among different genotypes showed that the shear force of leg muscle of YYCT genotype was significantly lower than that of CC(p<0.05).The semi-eviscerated rate and leg muscle p H24 of YHCT genotype were significantly higher than those of TT genotype(p<0.05).The semi-eviscerated rate of HYCT genotype was significantly higher than that of CC(p<0.05).A-FABP gene 121351665 C/T mutation has three genotypes : CC,CT and TT.T is the dominant gene in YH population,and C is the dominant gene in the other three populations.The four populations of C/T mutation were not in a balanced state and had greater selection pressure.The pleural fluid loss rate(CC)of HH genotype was significantly higher than that of CT genotype(p≤0.05),the cooked meat rate(TT)of chest muscle was significantly higher than that of CT genotype(p≤0.05),and the hydraulic CT of leg muscle was significantly higher than that of CC genotype(p≤0.05).The p H1 of YYTT genotype was significantly higher than that of the other two genotypes(p≤0.05),and the chest muscle rate of TT genotype was significantly lower than that of the other two genotypes(p≤0.05)The p H24 and leg muscle dehydration rates of HY genotype TT were significantly higher than those of CT genotype(p≤0.05).The meat quality indexes of YH and HY were similar to those of their parents YY,indicating that the good heterosis was consistent with the above hybridization results.The results confirmed that the C/T mutations in exon 1 and intron 2 of A-FABP were potential loci affecting slaughter traits,which could be used as molecular markers for chicken IMF screening.Experiment 3 : Correlation analysis of LEPR gene polymorphism on slaughter performance of hybrid F1 chickensIn this study,genomic PCR direct sequencing method was used to screen SNP loci,and KASP was used for polymorphism analysis.Finally,the correlation between individual genotypes and slaughter traits was analyzed.The G/A mutation at the28703134 site of LEPR gene intron 8 had three genotypes of AA,GA and GG.The GA genotype showed the dominant genotype and was in a balanced state,with moderate polymorphism(0.25<PIC< 0.5)and low heterozygosity.The shear force of HH chest muscle in GA type was significantly higher than that in AA type(p≤0.01).YY muscle stomach and foot weight GG type were significantly higher than those of GA type(p≤0.05);The drip loss of YH leg muscle in AA group was significantly higher than that in GA group(p≤0.05).The breast muscle shear force and breast muscle cooked meat rate of HY AA genotype were significantly higher than those of GA genotype(p≤0.01),and the wing weight of GA genotype was significantly higher than that of GG genotype(p≤0.05).LEPR gene intron 828702826 C/T mutation has CC,CT and TT genotypes.TT was the dominant genotype in HH and HY,and T was the dominant gene.CC genotype was dominant in YY and YH,and C was dominant.And in a balanced state,moderate polymorphism(0.25<PIC<0.5)and low heterozygosity.The abdominal fat rate and chest muscle p H24 CC type among the three genotypes of Jilin Yellow Chicken were significantly higher than those of TT type(p≤0.05),and the leg muscle hydraulic CC type was extremely significantly higher than that of TT type(p≤0.01).Chest muscle shear force of CT type was significantly higher than CC type(p≤0.05),leg muscle shear force of CT type was significantly higher than TT type(p≤0.05),leg muscle dehydration rate of TT type was significantly higher than CC type(p≤0.01).The slaughter rates of CC type and CT type were significantly higher than those of TT type(p≤0.05),and the p H24 CC type of leg muscle was significantly higher than those of CT type and TT type(p≤0.05).Foot weight of TT type was significantly higher than that of CT type(p≤0.05),muscular stomach weight of TT type was significantly higher than that of CT type(p≤0.01);The water loss rate of leg muscle in TT group was significantly higher than that in CC and CT groups(p≤0.05.The shear force of leg muscle and cooked meat rate of CC type were significantly higher than those of CT type(p≤0.05),wing weight of CT type was significantly higher than that of TT type(p≤0.05),leg muscle p H1 and p H24 of TT type were significantly higher than those of CC and CT type(p≤0.05),chest muscle dehydration rate of CC type and C type. |
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