Physiological And Biochemical Basis And Transcriptomics Analysis Of Phthalic Acid Treated Seedlings Of Pugionium Cornutum(L.)Gaertn.

Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.is a 2-year-old herbaceous plant belonging to the cruciferous family Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.It is distributed in my country’s Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,Gansu and other provinces.Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.is an endemic species in Chinese,and it has rich nutritional value,is edible,for feeding,and has good stress resistance.It can be used to prevent soil erosion and has high economic and ecological value.However,due to environmental degradation and man-made destruction,Its wild species are decreasing year by year.At present,Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.have been artificially planted,but the self-toxic effect of continuous cropping will cause problems such as irregular emergence,low emergence rate,poor growth,and reduced yield.Autotoxicity is a phenomenon in which plants release self-toxic substances to the surrounding environment through leaching,decomposition of residues,and root secretion,which hinder plant growth.It is one of the main reasons for the formation of continuous cropping obstacles.Therefore,in order to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.and ensure the nutritional value of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.,it is an important condition for the sustainable development of the Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.industry.The research group has isolated and identified Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.in the early stage,and extracted a variety of self-toxic substances.For this reason,this experiment uses Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.seedlings as the test material,using 0 mmol/L,0.01 mmol/L,0.1 mmol/L,lmmol/L and 10mmol/L treated with phthalic acid solutions at concentrations qto explore the effects of different concentrations of phthalic acid on the physiology,biochemistry,soil environment and molecular mechanisms of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.seedlings.Reveal the action mechanism of the self-toxic substances of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.continuous cropping,so as to solve the continuous cropping obstacles,and provide a theoretical basis for better development and utilization of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.The main findings are as follows:1.With the increase of phthalic acid concentration,the root length,leaf length,root and leaf fresh weight,root and leaf dry weight of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.seedlings gradually decrease.When the phthalic acid concentration is greater than 0.1mmol/L,they begin to decrease significantly.When the phthalic acid concentration was 10mmol/L,it reached the lowest point,indicating that when the phthalic acid concentration was greater than 0.1mmol/L,the growth of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.seedlings was inhibited.2.With the increase of the concentration of phthalic acid,the protective enzyme activities in the roots and leaves of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.When the concentration of phthalic acid was 0.01mmol/L,the protective enzymes of the plants were treated with sand mustard seedlings The activity is enhanced;as the concentration continues to increase,the enzyme activity in the Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.significantly decreases,and the lipid membrane peroxidation is enhanced,and the MDA content increases significantly.3.With the increase of phthalic acid concentration,Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.leaves net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),light conversion rate(Fv/Fm),electron transport efficiency(Φ PS Ⅱ),coefficient of photochemical quenching(qp),the coefficient of photochemical quenching(NPQ)after the first rise;Chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.4.With the increase of the concentration of phthalic acid,the number of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.first increased and then decreased,and the activities of soil urease,invertase and alkaline phosphatase showed an increase first and then a decrease trend;5.Transcriptome sequencing analysis(RNA-Seq)was performed on the roots of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.,and a total of 60.39 G of CleanData was obtained,and the effective data amount of each sample was distributed between 5.73-7.42 G.When the phthalic acid concentration is 0.1mmol/L compared with the control,there are 1085 different genes,including 703 up-regulated genes and 382 down-regulated genes;when the phthalic acid concentration is 10mmol/L,compared with the control There are 5998 differential genes,4385 up-regulated genes,1613 down-regulated genes;when Z2 phthalic acid concentration is 10mmol/L,compared with when phthalic acid concentration is 0.1mmol/L,there are a total of 5,843 differential genes,which are up-regulated There are 4,023 genes and 1820 down-regulated genes.The number of all up-regulated genes was significantly higher than the number of down-regulated genes.6.By digging the sequencing results of the roots of Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.treated with different concentrations of phthalic acid,it was found that there were positive and negative regulation ways of antioxidant enzymes related differential genes.Different genes related to the synthesis pathway of flavonoids were all up-regulated.There are two ways to regulate the synthesis of photosynthesis:positive and negative.Most of the genes in the phenylpropane synthesis pathway are related to peroxidase and other enzymes,and there are two ways of regulation:positive and negative.