Effects Of Welfare Management On Growth,Immunity,Antioxidation And Related Physiological And Biochemical Indexes Of Growing Donkeys At High And Low Temperature

This paper took the growing donkeys as the experimental object,studied the effects of welfare management on the growth performance,basic physiological indexes,immune function,antioxidant function,blood biochemical indexes,hormone levels in growing donkeys under high temperature and low temperature,in order to provide the theoretical basis for the scientific management of growing donkey and the design of donkey house.The paper was divided into four experiments.Experiment 1: Effects of welfare management on growth performance and basic physiological indexes of growing donkeys under high temperature.Twenty four growing female donkeys were selected and divided into four treatment groups:Partly transparent single-storey roof group(Control group),Insulated cotton sandwich roof group,Insulated cotton sandwich roof +fan group,Insulated cotton sandwich roof+fan +spray group.There were 6 donkeys in each treatment.The study lasted for 42 days.The results showed that the ADG and ADFI of growing donkeys were significantly improved by adding welfare management at high temperature(P < 0.01),and the feed conversion rate of growing donkeys was significantly improved(P < 0.05);in the early stage of the experiment,the apparent digestibility of DM,EE,Ash and Ca in the three groups with welfare management was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01),and in the late stage of the experiment,the apparent digestibility of DM was significantly higher than the control group.The apparent digestibility of EE,Ca and P in the group with welfare was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01).At 5:00,there was no significant difference in the basic physiological indexes among the treatment groups(P > 0.1);at 14:00,the rectal temperature and skin temperature of the head,ear,abdomen and legs in the three treatment groups with welfare management were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.01),but there was no significant difference in the respiratory rate among the treatment groups(P > 0.1).Experiment 2: Effects of welfare management on immunity,antioxidation and related biochemical indexes of growing donkeys.The experimental design was the same as Experiment 1.The results showed that welfare management significantly reduced the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum of donkeys(P < 0.05),significantly increased the contents of IL-4(P < 0.01),and significantly increased the contents of Ig G and Ig M(P < 0.05),and tended to increase the content of Ig A;at the end of the experiment,welfare management significantly reduced the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum of donkeys(P < 0.05),significantly increased the content of Ig G(P < 0.05),and tended to increase the content of Ig A.The effects of welfare management on antioxidant function were mainly concentrated in the early stage of the experiment.Welfare management significantly increased T-AOC and CAT activity and MDA content in the serum of donkeys(P < 0.01),but there was no significant difference in other antioxidant indexes among treatments(P > 0.1).The difference of blood biochemical indexes among treatments mainly existed in the morning.Welfare management significantly reduced the contents of Gl U and LDL-C in serum of donkeys at 5:00(P < 0.05),and tended to reduce the contents of TP and TG.There was no significant difference in other biochemical indexes among treatments(P > 0.1).During the whole period of the experiment,welfare management significantly reduced the levels of ACTH and COR(P < 0.05),but significantly increased the levels of T3 and T4 in the serum of donkeys(P < 0.05).At the end of the experiment,welfare management tended to increase the content of HSP90,but there was no significant difference in the levels of other hormones among treatments(P < 0.01).Experiment 3: Effects of welfare management on growth performance and basic physiological indexes of growing donkeys at low temperature.Twenty four growing male donkeys were selected and divided into four treatment groups with 6heads in each treatment.The study lasted for 42 days.A 2 × 2 factorial design was used,and the factors included windproof house or no windproof house,and drinking warm water or drinking cold water.The results showed that welfare management significantly increased ADG(P < 0.01)and decreased ADFI(P < 0.05),resulting in F:G significantly decreased(P < 0.01),and the consumption of warm water was significantly higher than that of cold water(P < 0.05).In the early stage of the experiment,welfare management significantly improved the apparent digestibility of DM,EE,CP,Ash,Ca and P(P <0.01);in the late stage of the experiment,welfare management significantly improved the apparent digestibility of DM,EE,Ash and P(P < 0.01).At 7:00,welfare management significantly increased the skin temperature of the abdomen and legs(P <0.05),wind protection facility significantly increased the respiratory rate(P < 0.05),and welfare management tended to increase the rectal temperature of growing donkeys;at 14:00,welfare management increased the skin temperature of the ears and abdomen of growing donkeys,but had no significant effect on other basic physiological indexes.Experiment 4: Effects of welfare management on immunity,antioxidation and related biochemical indexes of donkeys.The experimental design was the same as Experiment 3.The results showed that welfare management significantly reduced the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α(P < 0.01),and significantly increased the contents of IL-4(P < 0.01);for immunoglobulin,welfare management significantly increased the contents of Ig A,Ig G and Ig M(P < 0.01).In the early stage of the experiment,welfare management significantly reduced the content of MDA in donkey serum(P < 0.01),and significantly increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px(P < 0.01);in the late stage of the experiment,welfare management significantly increased the activities of TSOD and CAT(P < 0.05),and significantly reduced the content of MDA(P < 0.01).During the whole experiment period,welfare management significantly reduced the contents of TP,UREA and GLU in the serum of donkeys at 7:00(P < 0.05),and significantly increased the contents of TG,CHOL and HDL-C(P < 0.05).As for hormone level,welfare management significantly reduced ACTH and COR contents in serum of growing donkeys at 7:00 in the early stage of the experiment(P < 0.05),and also significantly reduced T3,T4 and HSP90 contents(P < 0.05);at the late stage of the experiment,welfare management significantly reduced T4 content in serum of growing donkeys at 7:00(P < 0.05),and there was no significant difference in other hormone levels among treatments(P < 0.01).In conclusion,welfare management at high and low temperatures was conducive to the growth and development of growing donkeys,could significantly improve the production performance of growing donkeys,and provided a comfortable production environment for growing donkeys.At the same time,welfare management could improve the immune and antioxidant functions of growing donkeys,reduce the production of stress response,and ensure the normal play of physiological functions of growing donkeys.