| ‘Qinyun’(code of excellent department 5D2-36)is a new apple variety newly bred by the College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,the parent is"Qinfu 1×Royal Gala".This study uses‘Qinyun’as the test material from 2019 to 2020,and contrasts the Fuji line’s‘Yuhuazaofu’and the Gala line’s‘Jinshiji’.To study the biological characteristics,main fruit characteristics and cultivation techniques of the‘Qinyun’apple,to understand the relevant characteristics of this variety,to improve the supporting cultivation techniques,and to provide a theoretical basis for its popularization and planting.The main conclusions are as follows:1.When the positive and negative accumulated temperatures reach 148.82℃and-86.91℃,the‘Qinyun’tree germinates,the positive and negative accumulated temperatures reach 406.31℃and-28.97℃,the‘Qinyun’tree blossoms;The best fruit harvesting period is about 170 days after the full flowering period,it is late September,which is 40 days and 18days later than the‘Jinshiji’and‘Yuhuazaofu’apples respectively,which belong to the middle and late ripening varieties.The fruit development dynamics of‘Qinyun’are slightly different from that of the control variety,85-105 days after anthesis is the period of accelerated fruit growth,and the fruit hardness decreases rapidly at 85-125 days after anthesis.the content of soluble solids in the fruit is 125-165 days after anthesis increases rapidly,and the change trend of titratable acid content is more consistent with that of‘Yuhuazaofu’.2.‘Qinyun’has a strong and prosperous tree,with a germination rate of 69.2%and a branching capacity of 4.3,it has resistance to powdery mildew and brown spot resistance slightly lower than that of the‘Jinshiji’variety,the prevention and control of brown spot should be strengthened during the cultivation process.3.There are certain differences in the fruits of‘Qinyun’on individual trees,but in general,the fruits are highly neat,uniform in size,and consistent,with a coefficient of variation of 0.16%to 1.38%,which has a high commodity rate.4.The fruit of‘Qinyun’has good coloring,strip-like red,and a single fruit weighs 185.7g,it is a medium-sized fruit,it is 21.4 and 44.5 g lighter than that of‘Jinshiji’and‘Yuhuazaofu’respectively,and its fruit shape index is 0.85.Crispy pulp and the fruit hardness is 6.73 Kg·cm-2,fruit crispness 7.60 N,the soluble solid content is 13.96%,titratable acid content 0.38%,the pericarp anthocyanin content was 36.02 mg·100g-1,and the vitamin C content was 6.78 mg·100g-1.Unique flavor,most of the volatile substances are aldehydes,which belong to the"fresh fragrance type".The fruit is extremely storage-resistant,after 120 d of refrigeration at 0℃,the water loss rate of the fruit is only 1.06%.5.After bagging the‘Qinyun’apples,the brightness of the peel increased by 6.7%,the red-greenness increased by 17.42%,the yellow-blueness decreased by 25.27%,the crispness of the fruit increased by 23.02%,and the fruit was more durable in storage.The anthocyanin content of the pericarp was reduced by 11.02%,the sugar content of the fruit was reduced by19.98%,and the total content of volatile substances was reduced by 47.38%.‘Qinyun’can be planted without bagging,after spraying"Dicyanopyridine"on the fruit surface,the color of the fruit is better,the brightness is greater,the rust at the stem depression is improved,and the appearance quality of the fruit is significantly improved.After pollination of‘Jinshiji’‘Qiushi’,the fruit setting rate of flowers is the highest;after pollination of‘Ruiyang’‘Ruixue’,the fruit is larger and the fruit shape is correct;after pollination of‘Ruiyang’‘Qiushi’,the fruit is pollinated The hardness is higher,the soluble solids and titratable acid content are higher,and the internal fruit quality is better. |
