| The study was conducted to explore the influence of yeast selenium on honeybees’health,bee products quality and expression of the related genes by adding yeast selenium in sugar water feeding to the colonies,the purpose is to provide reference for the application of yeast selenium in beekeeping industry,and also provide theoretical basis for the research and application of selenium enriched bee products.This study includes the following three trials:Trial 1.Investigation of the effect of yeast selenium on the birth weight of workers and queen bees,the size of queen’s egg and the expression of Vg and Trf genes in queen bee’s ovary.12 colonies of Apis cerana with the same egglaying time and quantity were divided into 4 groups randomly,which were used to raise the new-born workers.in addition,12 colonies of Apis mellifera with 4 combs were divided into 4 groups randomly,which were used to raise the new-born queen bees.The control group was only fed with sugar water,the concentration levels of yeast selenium in the feeding sugar water of the experimental groups were 0.2 g·kg-1(Exp.Ⅰ),0.4 g·kg-1(Exp.Ⅱ)and 0.6 g·kg-1(Exp.Ⅲ)respectively,and then the birth weight of works,the birth weight of queen bees,the size of queen’ egg and the expression of Vg and Trf genes in ovary were measured.The results show that the birth weight of worker bees in the experimental groups were significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of the control group,but there were not significant difference among the experimental groups(P>0.05);the birth weight of queen bees were not significantly different from each other among all the groups(P>0.05),but the egg length and egg width in the experimental groups were bigger than that in the control group significantly(P<0.05),and the egg length in the experimental group Ⅱ was the longest as well as the egg width in the experimental group was the widest;the relative expression of Vg gene in group I was higher than the control group significantly(P<0.05),but the relative expression of Trf gene was lower than the control group significantly(P<0.05).Trial 2.Effects of yeast selenium on life span and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes Sod1 and Sod2 in workers.A healthy colony of Apis mellifera with 8 combs were selected from the experimental apiary to raise the pupas till to the covered cells stage,which were then put into incubator to hatch.When the worker bees emerge out,they were immediately collected and divided into two groups randomly,three repetitions in each group,500 bees in each repetition.The honeybees were fed in adjusted GN hive.The control group was fed with sugar water only,the level of yeast selenium in sugar water fed to group Ⅰ was 0.2 g·kg-1.Dead bees of each group were collected at 17:00 p.m.every day to measure their average life span.meanwhile,the heads of the workers were collected and the expression of the antioxidant genes Sod1,Sod2 were measured.The results show that the average life span of workers in group Ⅰ(16.17 ± 0.23d)was higher than that in control group(14.68 ± 0.41d)significantly(P<0.05);The relative expression of Sod1 and Sod2 genes of workers in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Trial 3.Effects of yeast selenium on selenium content and anti oxidation of bee products and expression of Selenoprotein related genes—Sbpl、Sbp2、SelT、and SerRs in the head of the royal jelly secreting worker bees.12 colonies of Apis cerana with 2 combs were randomly divided into 4 groups to produce honey,and 12 colonies of Apis mellifera with 8 combs were randomly divided into 4 groups to produce royal jelly.The control group was only fed with pure sugar water,and the concentration levels of yeast selenium in the sugar water of the experimental groups were 0.2 g·kg-1(Exp.I),0.4 g·kg-1(Exp.Ⅱ)and 0.6 g·kg-1(Exp.Ⅲ)respectively.Then,the selenium content of honey and royal jelly,the antioxidant property of honey,and the expression levels of selenoprotein related genes-Sbpl,Sbp2,SelT and SerRs in the head of the royal jelly secreting workers were measured.The results show that the selenium content in honey and royal jelly increased with the increase of yeast selenium concentration level in sugar water;the ability of scavenging DPPH free radical,scavenging hydroxyl free radical and anti superoxide anion free radical of honey increased with the increase of yeast selenium concentration level in sugar water;the relative expression of Selenoprotein related genes—Sbpl,Sbp2,SelT and SerRs in the head of royal jelly secreting worker bees were all significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]the results can be concluded:(1)Adding appropriate yeast selenium level(0.2 g·kg-1～0.6 g·kg-1)to sugar water is beneficial to the health of honeybees,such as increasing the birth weight of worker bees,prolonging the life of worker bees,and promoting the oval development of queen bee.(2)Adding appropriate yeast selenium level(0.2 g·kg-1～0.6 g·kg-1)to sugar water is beneficial to the quality of bee products,such as improving the selenium content and antioxidant capacity of bee products. |
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