Study On Oat Cultivation Technique Under Rain-Fed Condition In Huan County Of China

The planting area of oats(Avena sativa)in Huan county of Gansu Province is increasing year by year,but there is a severe lack of cultivation techniques for oats.In order to screen out scientific and reasonable cultivation measures and provide theoretical guidance for high yield oat in Huan county,two different cooked oats varieties(Qinghai 444 and Bai Yan 7)were cultivated from June to December 2020 in both Maojing and Xiaonangou regions in Gansu province to explore the effects of N or P mixed fertilizing rate and sowing rate on oat;otherwise,the plant diseases were also successively investigated at different stage.The main research results are as follows:1.It is clear that the agronomic traits of different oat varieties had different responses to fertilizing rate and sowing rate.The plant height,leaf length,leaf width and ear length of Qinghai 444 were better than those of Baiyan 7,however the nodes number of Baiyan 7 was better than Qinghai 444.Overall,the plant height,leaf length,leaf width and ear length of oats firstly increased,and then decreased with the increasing of N or P mixed fertilizing rate;under the optimal fertilizer ratio(150 kg/ha),the rate of these agronomic traits increased by 10.79% to 39.14%.The effective tillers number of oats firstly increased,and then decreased with the increasing of fertilizing rate,but the effects of sowing rate and variety characteristics were not significant(P >0.05).2.Variety characteristics and growth period of oats are the main factors affecting the occurrence of plant diseases.The incidence rate and disease index(DI)of red leaf,leaf spot and rust increased gradually with the development of growth stage.Among them,red leaf is the most serious disease.The incidence of Qinghai 444 was more serious than that of Bai Yan 7 during the whole growth stage.The DI of red leaf were greatly affected by cultivation measures in the early stage,but variety was the main factor affecting the occurrence of this disease in the late stage.The leaf spot mainly occurred in Maojing experimental region,and was more serious on Qinghai 444 at flowering stage and Baiyan 7 at milk stage.Rust disease mainly occurred in Xiaonangou experimental region,and was more serious on Baiyan 7 than that of Qinghai 444 during the whole growth stage.Cultivation measures had no significant effect on leaf spot and rust disease(P > 0.05).Powdery mildew only occurred sporadically in Xiaonangou experimental region.3.Results showed that the fresh grass yield(FY),dry matter yield(DY)and fresh dry ratio(FDR)of oats firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of N or P fertilizing rate and sowing rate.Oat varieties and growth period also had significant effects on yield traits(P < 0.05).The FY and DY of Baiyan 7 were significantly better than those of Qinghai 444,but the FDR of Baiyan 7 was slightly lower than Qinghai444.The FDR of oat was the highest at flowering stage,and the FY and DY were the highest at milk stage.4.The results of fertilization experiment showed that N3P3 and N3P2 could maximize the DY of the two varieties.The maximum DY of Qinghai 444 and Baiyan 7were 6.67 and 8.67 t/ha in Maojing and 8.47 and 11.07 t/ha in Xiaonangou,respectively.The sowing experiment showed that the DY of the both two varieties was the highest under 150 kg/ha,reaching 5.53 to 6.80 t/ha.