| Natural ecosystem not only provides space and resources for human survival,but also has a variety of ecosystem services.It can provide great value for the earth’s ecological security,biological resources and human living environment,and plays an important role in realizing the sustainable development of nature society economy.Forest ecosystem service function is an important part of natural ecosystem,and its value evaluation is one of the hot and difficult issues in the current ecological environment research.Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve is a forest ecosystem type nature reserve,which is mainly protected by the primitive forest and various rare and endangered animals and plants represented by the unique dominant vegetation types of the Yunnan Plateau,such as the middle mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest and the semi humid evergreen broad-leaved forest It can provide a reference for the study of ecosystem service value in surrounding areas and the comparison of ecological restoration effect,and provide a reference for other nature reserves of the same type in Yunnan Province.According to the evaluation standard of forest ecosystem service function(LY/T 1721-2008)and H.T The evaluation index system,evaluation calculation formula and related parameters of forest ecosystem service value in Odum emergy analysis theory,based on sample plot investigation,literature review and indoor experiment,construct the forest ecosystem service value index system for Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve(hereinafter referred to as the reserve),respectively from different vegetation types and different dominant tree species service function The forest ecosystem service function of the nature reserve was comprehensively and systematically evaluated from three aspects: value,market value and emergy value.The results show that: 1(1)In the forest ecosystem service value of the nature reserve,the total value of litter production,forest water holding capacity,forest nutrient accumulation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,air purification and soil conservation was 76351165.34t/a,and that of living tree resources,forest water regulation and water purification was1180003910.49m3/a among different vegetation types,the middle mountain wet evergreen broad-leaved forest(34908741.53t/a,711812812.52t/a)was the highest Among the dominant tree species,Lithocarpus and Castanopsis(35927838.76t/a,737325805.05m3/a),hemlock(2000140.25t/a,20524459.46m3/a),Alnus(809963.84t/a,6558317.74m3/a)and hemlock(2000140.25t/a,20524459.46 m3/a)had the highest functional value In 2020,the total functional value of recreation is 549700,and the functional value of biodiversity is 2286.(2)The total market value of forest ecosystem services in the reserve is10735.7057 million/a,roughly equivalent to one nineteenth of the market value of forest ecosystem nature reserves in Yunnan Province,and one ninth of the GDP of five counties and one city involved in the reserve in 2020.The market value per unit area is up to 200400 yuan/hm2/a,which is significantly higher than that of China(9600yuan/hm2/a)and the global average level(4500yuan/hm2/a).The total market value and market value per unit area of water conservation(5323710900yuan/hm2/a,117800yuan/hm2/a),organic matter production(1495863300yuan/hm2/a,27900yuan/hm2/a)and soil conservation(1328234000yuan/hm2/a,25400yuan/hm2/a)Among different vegetation types,the market value of mid mountain wet evergreen broad-leaved forest was 6866057000 yuan / A,accounting for 67.94%,followed by broad-leaved shrub(1360791700 yuan/a,13.47%)and shrub grass(681317800 yuan/a,6.74%),broad-leaved forest(7090313200 yuan)composed of dominant tree species such as Lithocarpus and Castanopsis,and hemlock forest(yuan/a)The market value of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis forest(310600 yuan/hm2/a),Pinus yunnanensis forest(220700 yuan/hm2/a)and Pinus yunnanensis forest(218700 yuan/hm2/a)accounted for 98.40% of the total market value.Pinus yunnanensis forest(221400yuan/hm2/a),Pinus yunnanensis forest(218700 yuan/hm2/a)and Pinus armandii forest(209000 yuan/hm2/a)contributed a lot The market value of leaf forest per unit area is in the forefront.(3)The annual service value of the forest ecosystem in the reserve is equivalent to 2.96 e + 22 sej solar energy value,and the input solar energy value is far less than the output solar energy value,which can convert the low-quality energy from the outside into high-quality energy and export it to the surrounding areas,and the forest has a higher production capacity.In the output energy flow,the visible output solar energy value of organic matter production,raw material supply and recreation was5.77 e + 20 sej,accounting for 1.97%,while the invisible output solar energy value of carbon fixation and oxygen release,nutrient accumulation,air purification,soil conservation,water conservation,biological habitat and scientific research services was 2.87 e + 22 sej,accounting for 98.03%.The annual total flow energy value of the forest ecosystem in the reserve is 19384656565800 yuan,with a unit area of 3852269yuan/hm2/a,of which the input energy value is 2351174200 yuan,accounting for1.39% of the total energy value,and the output energy value is 191145734300 yuan,accounting for 98.61% of the total energy flow.Among the ten emergy indexes,the value of three tangible energy outputs was 3771.8325 million yuan,accounting for1.94%,and the value of seven intangible energy outputs was 18737.39018 million yuan,accounting for 96.36%,accounting for 49.68 times.In addition to the highest value of the stock index biological habitat emergy(18142.5283 million,93.59%),the value of air purification(2542.5941 million,26.16%)and raw material supply was the highest The functions of water supply(1926.7198 million,19.82%)and water conservation(160.57113 million,16.52%)have higher solar value.The annual total flow energy value of different vegetation types was 191145.7343 million yuan,and the emergy value per unit area was about 195500 yuan/hm2/a.the emergy value of humid evergreen broad-leaved forest(6409.2707 million yuan,74.28%),broad-leaved shrub(835.913 million yuan,69.69%),shrub grass(446.0159 million yuan,5.17%)and other high-altitude primitive vegetation was in the forefront The emergy value per unit area of coniferous forests such as Pinus elliottii forest(396000 yuan/hm2/a),Pinus armandii forest(312800 yuan/hm2/a),Pinus yunnanensis forest(270900yuan/hm2/a)and hemlock spruce mixed forest(234200 yuan/hm2/a)was relatively high.Lithocarpus,Castanopsis(6641241400 million yuan,192200 yuan/hm2/a,95.52%),hemlock spruce forest(169773200 million yuan,234200 yuan/hm2/a,224000 yuan/hm2/a,95.52%),hemlock spruce forest(169773200 million yuan,234200 yuan/hm2/a,224000 44%)and Pinus armandii forest(55.3593 million yuan,312800 yuan/hm2/a,,0.80%)both have higher emergy value and emergy value per unit area,indicating that the forest ecosystem in the nature reserve is dominated by intangible service value,and human beings must pay attention to the huge intangible value in the process of using and developing nature reserves.(4)The emergy density(EPA)of forest ecosystem in the nature reserve is about5.93 e + 13sej/m2/a,and the utilization efficiency of forest service function is higher in the same type of nature reserve;the renewable resource input rate(RIR)is 0.74,the environmental loading rate(ELR)is 0.15,the emergy self-sufficiency rate(ESR)is0.85,the emergy investment rate(EIR)is 0.15,and the emergy output rate(EYR)is4.14,which indicates that the forest ecosystem in the nature reserve has the highest emergy density The resources are in the middle level development state with low development intensity and operation pressure,and the output emergy is high on the basis of obtaining certain economic emergy input,but the input quantity of high energy value human goods and services is too small.In the future,we can reasonably increase the input of economic feedback emergy to obtain higher energy value output;the emergy sustainability index(ESI)is 27.28,which indicates that the ecosystem of the nature reserve can be protected The nursing is good,but the economic condition is underdeveloped.(5)Compared with other similar latitude forest ecosystem types of nature reserves,the total market value of nature reserves is in the forefront,and the total market value per unit area is significantly better than other nature reserves.The service value of organic matter production,leisure and recreation,accumulation of nutrients,purification of air and conservation of soil all ranks the first,which is in the indirect use price The values of water conservation,nutrient accumulation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,air purification and total unit area are higher than those of forest ecosystem type nature reserves in Yunnan Province.Compared with the sustainable development of system emergy,the emergy density of forest ecosystem in nature reserves is higher than that of other nature reserves,and the use efficiency of emergy in the system is higher,but the emergy output rate,self-sufficiency rate and investment rate are lower Although the conversion efficiency of input emergy is still relatively low,the forest ecosystem is generally stable and healthy,and it still has good ecological benefits in terms of service value output,which is of great significance to the improvement of the surrounding areas It plays an important role in protecting the ecological environment and healthy development.In the future,it is necessary to increase economic emergy feedback through the construction of national parks,further improve the forest ecosystem management system,increase the management station and Ecological Station of the reserve,continuously detect the change of forest ecological resources in the reserve,and strengthen the publicity of the reserve We should work hard to establish ecological compensation mechanism. |
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