| Grassland animal husbandry is the pillar industry of Tibet’s economic development,which is related to the clothing,food,housing and transportation of farmers and herdsmen,and the use of grassland is related to the sustainable and healthy development of animal husbandry.The Mozhugongka community is located in Zhaxigang Township,Mozhugongka County,half-agriculture and half-pastoral.The herdsmen of this community adopt the traditional extensive grazing model,which mainly uses grazing,without input management measures.Degradation and reduced biodiversity seriously affect the sustainable development of the community.In order to use the natural grassland more reasonably,maintain the balance of grassland and livestock,and slow down the degradation of grassland,the community grazing model needs to be optimized.This study takes the grassland management status and grazing model optimization of Mozhugongka community as the research object.It investigates the grassland status,management and utilization model,herd structure,basic situation and cognition of farmers and herdsmen in Mozhugongka community,and gains a deep understanding of the current grassland management status.By analyzing pasture conditions,livestock conditions,family socio-economic conditions,and local folk customs,etc,the herdsmen ’s cognition of grassland management and decision-making behavior are studied,and the history and current status of grassland animal husbandry economic development are further evaluated from a technical and cultural level.Combined with ecological concepts such as the folk customs of the Mozhugongka community in Tibet,we optimized the current pasture from the grazing mode,adjusted the grazing transfer time,increased the slaughter,improved the structure of the livestock,and adjusted the cold season grazing to the cold season shed.Formulate and improve village regulations and civil agreements and train local technical personnel for guidance and strict supervision.And compared with the traditional grazing model,carry out a limited rational empirical study on the optimal behavior of the grazing model,and build an optimal grazing production management model suitable for the community.The research results are as follows:1.According to the climatic conditions of the year and the principle that grazing is prohibited before and after turning green,the grazing time of the pasture is adjusted in each season.Adjusted the cold season before the model optimization from November to February of the following year to graze in the autumn and winter pastures,and the warm season from March to October in the spring and summer pastures.The cold season was adjusted from October 1 to November 30 in the autumn Grazing on pastures,cold-season feeding in winter camps from December 01 to March 31 of the following year,the warm season is from April 1 to May 31 using spring pastures,from June 1 to September 30 in summer pastures.After adjusting the transition time,the grassland aboveground biomass and vegetation coverage were increased,to a certain extent,the grassland biomass of poisonous weeds was reduced,the grassland forage yield increased,the pasture condition was improved,and the pasture pressure was eased.2.Encourage the slaughter of livestock,increase the slaughter number of herdsmen before the cold season house feeding,and provide feed subsidies and financial incentives to the herdsmen whose slaughter number exceeds the slaughter of the previous year,so as to adjust the structure of livestock and reduce the cost of forage for cold season livestock To reduce the pressure of supplementary feeding in the cold season,improve the economic benefits of herders,realize the optimization of livestock structure,reduce the pressure of natural grassland grazing,and effectively prevent grassland degradation.3.The implementation of cold season house feeding raises the cost of raising livestock and is higher than that of cold season grazing,but it improves the production performance of livestock and the ability of livestock to resist natural disasters,maintains the balance of energy supply and demand for livestock,reduces livestock mortality,and reduces the economic losses of herders;,Alleviating the pressure of natural grassland grazing in the cold season,improving the ecological environment of the pasture,promoting the development of artificial grass planting,and improving the utilization rate of straw.It is beneficial for herders to better arrange production and life,improve the herdsmen’s production and living standards,and provides empirical research for the optimization of grazing patterns.Implement the grazing management model of "increasing the slaughter rate,improving the transfer time and mainly feeding in the cold season",maximize the use of pasture resources,fundamentally ease the pressure on the pasture,increase the vegetation biomass,and slow down the poisonous weeds Growth and development;improved the economic benefits of herdsmen,strengthened the management of herdsmen pastures,and achieved a harmonious and healthy development of ecology and economy,Provides a reference for the optimization of the grazing model in the Mozhugongka community. |
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