| Plug seedlings have attracted more and more attention in recent years.In order to understand the present situation and existing problems of plug seedling industry in Beijing,this paper investigates and analyzes 35 seedling production enterprises in Beijing.The main results are as follows:The 57% production unit scales the seedling raising enterprises in Beijing area were below 3 million,52% seedling manufactories have been constructed between5-10 years long,69% seedling-producing enterprises were cooperatives.The proportion of persons over 50 years of age in the production management of seedling raising enterprises accounted for 53%,and mainly people with culture below high school(57% of the total).The total number of plug seedlings by enterprises surveyed had 11802 million plants,the proportion of solanaceous fruit vegetables account for46%;59% of the total seedling production was used for sales,of which order sales account for 97% of the total sales.In the application of water-fertilizer,89%enterprises use water-soluble fertilizer only,the use of balanced water-soluble fertilizer and high potassium type of water-soluble fertilizer accounted for 11% of the whole.In different irrigation,97% enterprises use top sprinkler irrigation.Only 10enterprises(29%)have formulated production technical specifications and strong seedling standards.Through investigation and analysis,it is concluded that the main problems existing in the plug seedling industry in Beijing are as follows: 1.Small scale of enterprises and single sales channels;2.Old facilities,low level of standardization,low education degree of managers with high age;3.Low content of seedling production technology,lack of scientific and standard water-fertilizer management technology and norms;4.Imperfect supervision system of seedling market,low level of seedling quality detection and standardization.On the basis of market investigation and analysis,aiming at the main problems in water and fertilizer management,the lab studied on the experimental materials of pepper in two aspects of irrigation(tidal irrigation)and fertilizer application(Selection of different nutrient solution formulas).The results showed that tidal irrigation saved 17% water,16% fertilizer and increased seedling index comparedwith top sprinkler irrigation.The Arnon and Hoagland tomato formulations were the most suitable for pepper growth and the seedling index increased.Through market investigation and experimental research,it is considered that the development of vegetable seedling industry in Beijing should be improved and promoted in the following aspects: Formulate technical regulations for seedling production and standardize seedling production;Research on quality standards and pest detection methods to improve the health of commercial seedlings;Improve production and operation licenses and perfect the seedling market supervision system;Strengthen information and technical services and improve the production level of enterprises;Strengthen scientific research and promote school-enterprise cooperation;The government increases capital investment to support large enterprises;Increases efforts to develop the market of the vegetable plug seedlings;Regularly conduct technical training for production personnel to improve the technical level of managers;Promote the coordinated development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei;Develop and simplify seedling raising equipment and carry out intensive seedling raising;Improve greenhouse performance;Standardize water and fertilizer management to promote tidal seedlings and research special fertilizers for seedlings. |
