Determination And Risk Assessment Of 53 Pesticides And 5 Metabolites In Honey And Bee Pollen

Pesticide residues in honey and bee pollen not only bring health problems to consumers,but also may affect the population development and quantity of pollinator bees.In this study,pesticides with high potential risks to human health and bees were selected to establish a rapid and sensitive multi-residue detection method.Pesticide residues in honey and bee pollen samples were monitored to assess their potential risks to human health and honeybees.1.A Qu ECh ERS method combined with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)or gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)was developed for the simultaneous determination of 53 pesticides and 5 metabolites in honey or bee pollen.The pesticide residues in honey and bee pollen samples were extracted with acetonitrile,purified with C18,PSA and GCB adsorbents after salting out,and quantified by external standard method.The linear range of the method was 0.1-100 μg/ L,the correlation coefficient was more than 0.997,the limit of quantification was 1-20 μg/kg(S/N = 10);the recoveries were 60.4%-127.9% and the relative standard deviation was less than 22.5% in the range of 1-100 μg/kg.2.Totally 190 batches of honey samples and 70 batches of bee pollen samples were detected by the established method.The results showed that: a total of 45 batches of honey samples were detected with residues,including 8 pesticides,the highest detection rate was imidacloprid(12.1%),followed by acetamiprid(7.9%),thiamethoxam(2.1%).A total of 28 batches of bee pollen samples were detected with residues,including 13 kinds of pesticides.The top three of detection rates were chlorpyrifos(18.6%),acetamiprid(10.0%)and thiamethoxam(7.1%).3.Hazard quotient(HQ)method was used to characterize the risk.The risk of pesticide residues in honey and bee pollen to human health was evaluated,and the cumulative hazard quotient(HQsum)was calculated.The results showed that: the long-term hazard quotient(HQc),short-term hazard quotient(HQA)and cumulative hazard quotient(HQsum)of pesticide residues in honey and bee pollen were less than 5%,and the risk was acceptable.The highest long-term dietary risk among the 8 pesticides detected in honey were omethoate,tau-fluvalinate and dimethoate.The top three of short-term dietary risks w dimethoate,tau-fluvalinate and chlorpyrifos.The highest long-term dietary risk among the 13 pesticides detected in bee pollen were triazophos,emamectin benzoate B1 a and indoxacarb.The top three of short-term dietary risks was chlorpyrifos,triazophos and indoxacarb.4.Risk quotient(RQ)method was used to assess the risk of pesticide residues in honey and bee pollen to honeybees.The results showed that: the acute risk of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam residues in honey was not acceptable,and the chronic toxicity risk of chlorpyrifos was not acceptable;the risk of imidacloprid,dimethoate and chlorpyrifos residues in honey on the bee brood development was acceptable.The highest acute risk of bee pollen was etofenprox,thiamethoxam and clothianidin,and the top two of chronic toxicity risk was chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam.The risk characterization showed that the risk was unacceptable,and chlorpyrifos also had potential risk to the bee brood development.In this study,a simple,rapid,sensitive and stable method for the determination of 53 pesticides and 5 metabolites in honey and bee pollen samples was established.The actual residue levels of 53 pesticides and 5 metabolites in 190 honey samples and 70 bee pollen samples from 24 provinces were monitored,and the potential dietary risk and the risk to pollinator bees were assessed.The results can provide methods and data support for pesticide risk monitoring and management.