| The study aimed to study that the effects of feeding pattern with different stage on growth performance,small intestine morphology,myofiber characteristics and the expression of muscle regulatory factor 4 in low weaning weight piglets.A 2 factors 2 levels factorial experiment design have been used in this experiment.The 48 piglets(5.59 ± 0.47 kg)and 48 piglets(7.14 ±0.22 kg)were selected by origin and gender,which were weaned at 23-25 days of age.All piglets were treated with a two-stage feeding pattern(1～7 d and 8～45 d after weaning)and a three-stage feeding pattern(1～7 d,8～28 d and 29～45),then all piglets were divided into four treatment groups: Low weaning weight with two-stage feeding pattern group(K1 group),low weaning weight with three-stage feeding pattern group(K2 group),normal weaning weight with two-stage feeding pattern group(K3 Group)and normal weaning weight with three-stage feeding pattern group(K4 group).Each of group had 6 repetitions,and each repetition had 4piglets,experimental processing time is 45 d.The results show that:(1)The average daily weight gain of low weaning weight piglets was significantly increased in the three-stage feeding pattern(P<0.05),and the feed/gain ratio of low weaning weight piglets was reduced in the three-stage feeding pattern(P<0.05).Piglet’s weaning weight(P=0.024),feeding pattern with different stage(P=0.037)and the interaction of the two factors(P<0.01)have significant affected on average daily weight gain of piglets,while the weaning weight had no effect on the feed/gain ratio of piglets(P=0.176).Feeding pattern with different stage had no effect on the average daily feed intake of piglets(P=0.091).Weaning weight and feeding pattern significantly affected serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G levels(P<0.05).The serum interleukin-2,interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels of piglets were affected by the interaction of two factors extremely significantly(P<0.01).The serum growth hormone and insulin levels of piglets were affected by weaning weight,feeding pattern with different stage and the interaction of the two factors significantly(P<0.05).(2)The organ index of the heart,lung,spleen and kidneys of piglets were affected by weaning weight significantly(P<0.05).The organs index of the heart,lung,liver and small intestine of piglets were affected by feeding pattern with different stage significantly(P<0.05).The weaning weight significantly affected the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity of serum and liver,as well as the glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of the liver(P<0.05).The SOD,CAT and GSH-Px activities of the piglet’s serum and liver were affected by feeding pattern with different stage significantly(P<0.05).The SOD and CAT activities of the piglet’s serum and liver were affected by the interaction of the two factors extremely significantly,as well as the GSH-Px activity of the serum(P<0.01).(3)The weaning weight had a significant effect on the villus height,crypt depth,and villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum and jejunum of piglets(P<0.05).Feeding pattern with different stage had significant effect on villus height,crypt depth of duodenum of piglets(P<0.05).The interaction of the two factors significantly affected the villus height to crypt depth ratio of the duodenum,jejunum and ileum of piglets(P<0.05).The weaning weight,feeding pattern with different stage and the interaction of the two factors all significantly affected the activities of trypsin,amylase,lipase,lactase and protease of piglets(P<0.05).(4)The weaning weight,feeding pattern with different stage and the interaction of the two factors all significantly affected serum insulin like growth factor I level of piglets(P<0.05).The muscle fiber cross-sectional area of low weaning weight piglets was significantly increased in the three-stage feeding pattern(P<0.05),and the muscle fiber density of low weaning weight piglets was reduced in the three-stage feeding pattern(P<0.05).Feeding pattern with different stage had a significant effect on the expression of muscle regulatory factor 4 of low weaning weight piglets(P<0.05).In summary,The three-stage feeding pattern can effectively improve the production performance of piglets in the nursery period,especially for the growth performance of low weaning weight piglets. |
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