Design Iment Of An Integrated Machine For Tobacco Ridging,Fertilizing And Shaping

Tobacco is one of the main economic crops in my country.Before it is transplanted,it is necessary to carry out a series of plowing,soil preparation,basal fertilizer and ridging operations to meet its transplanting requirements.At present,most of the existing tobacco plowing and soil preparation machines are small general-purpose agricultural machines with a single operation function,which requires the tractor to go to the ground several times,which is easy to cause secondary compaction damage to the soil;the fertilization accuracy is not high,and the precise fertilization in the ridge cannot be achieved.On the basis of consulting a large number of relevant domestic and foreign research literatures,this paper designs a tobacco ridge,fertilization and shaping integrated machine,and designs and analyzes its key components,combining the ridging and fertilization agronomy before tobacco transplanting.The main research content of this paper includes the following 5 aspects:(1)Aiming at the problems existing in the operations of ridging,fertilizing and shaping before tobacco transplanting,an integrated machine for ridging,fertilizing and shaping tobacco was designed.The operation mode of the machine is:two ridges at a time,and fertilization on both sides of one ridge.One operation can efficiently and quickly realize the plowing and fertilization operations before tobacco transplanting,reducing operating costs.(2)Modular design of the whole machine was carried out,and its key components were analyzed,and the three-dimensional modeling of the integrated machine for tobacco ridging,fertilization and shaping was completed.The machine is composed of a ridging module,a fertilization module and a shaping module.The modular design is convenient for the production and maintenance of the machine.Combining the characteristics of tobacco fertilizer particles,design a special vertical variable cavity fertilizer discharging device for tobacco,which can effectively reduce the pulsation problem in the fertilizer discharging process,improve the precise application of fertilizer,and reduce the amount of fertilizer;combined with the existing layered fertilization device and layered fertilization agronomy,optimize the design of a layered fertilization device,realize that the ratio of fertilizer in each layer of layered fertilization can be adjusted,and can effectively reduce the disturbance and collapse of the ridge soil by the fertilization device,improve the effect of soil return,and increase the layering fertilization operation capability;Combined with the existing plate shaping and roller shaping devices,a combined ridge compaction and shaping device is designed to realize shaping and compaction of the ridges damaged after the fertilization device is operated,and the ridge parameters are adjustable.Suitable for ridge body parameters of different planting agronomy.(3)Perform in-depth research on the performance of the fertilizer discharging device and the layered fertilization device.Through the three-dimensional modeling software SolidWorks2016 and the discrete element simulation software EDEM2.6,the device modeling and simulation kinematics analysis were carried out respectively,and the fertilizer uniformity of the fertilizer discharging device was analyzed.The layered fertilization effect of the layered fertilization device and the disturbance ability of the layered fertilization device on the ridge soil are studied by simulation kinematics,and the degree of influence of its influencing factors on the operation effect is theoretically analyzed.The simulation analysis results show that the maximum coefficient of variation of the fertilizer discharge device is 5.3%and the minimum is 1.3%;the inclination angle of the layered fertilizer device is 35°,the elongation in the middle layer is 5mm,and the front end of the fertilizer device is a semi-circular arc.It can achieve the required proportion of layered fertilization,and at the same time achieve the minimum soil disturbance effect,that is,the average width of the ridge body disturbance is 128mm,and the average value of the collapse depth is 40mm.(4)On the basis of simulation analysis,a bench model of the fertilizer discharging device and layered fertilizing device was made.Through multiple laboratory bench tests,the fertilizer discharging device and layered fertilizing device were tested and researched,and the fertilizer discharging effect and analysis were carried out.The effect of layered fertilization was tested and verified,and the test results were basically consistent with the simulation analysis results,which met the design requirements.(5)A prototype of the tobacco ridging,fertilizing and shaping integrated machine was made,and field performance tests were carried out.Test and verify the working performance of the whole machine,especially the ridge size and the effect of layered fertilization,and collect and analyze various test indicators.The test results show that the ridge size and the effect of layered fertilization meet the design and related agronomic requirements.