Comparative Analysis Of Meat Quality And Intestinal Microflora Between Lean-type And Fatty-type Pekin Duck

Waterfowl industry is one of the pillar industries of animal husbandry in China.In recent years,consumers have higher requirements for duck meat quality and duck meat products.Peking duck is a famous white feather duck breed in China,which has been raised for many years.At present,Peking duck breeding has two directions:fatty-type and lean-type.Lean-type Peking duck breast muscle has a high meat yield and is suitable for making duck products.Fatty-type Peking duck has a high fat deposition rate under the skin and is suitable for roast duck.Lean-type Peking duck and fatty-type Peking duck were used as research objects in this experiment.A total of 140 one-day-old male fatty-type and lean-type Peking ducks with similar body weight(56.9±0.8g)were randomly allocated to 10 replicate cages with 14 ducks in each replicate by a single-factor completely randomized design.Feeding the same commodity ration.The experiment lasted for 4-6 weeks.Samples were taken at 28 and 42 days of age.The differences in growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,plasma biochemical indexes,intestinal development and cecal micro flora between lean-type and fatty-type Peking ducks were compared.The experimental results as follows:The results of growth performance of lean-type and fatty-type Peking ducks at 28 and 42 days of age showed that the average body weight and average daily feed intake of fatty-type Peking ducks were significantly higher than those of lean-type and fatty-type Peking ducks(P<0.01).The breast muscle percentage of lean-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age was significantly higher than that of fatty-type Peking ducks,but the abdominal fat percentage and sebum percentage of fatty-type Peking ducks were lower than that of fatty-type Peking ducks(P<0.01).The slaughter rate of lean-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age was higher than that of fatty-type Peking ducks(P<0.01).The breast muscle percentage of lean-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age was significantly higher than that of fatty-type Peking ducks(P<0.01),while the abdominal fat percentage and sebum percentage of lean-type Peking ducks were significantly lower than those of fatty-type Peking ducks(P<0.01)The pH24 and a*values of breast muscle of fatty-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age were significantly higher than those of lean-type Peking ducks(P<0.05).The shearing force of leg muscle of lean-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age was significantly higher than that of fatty-type Peking ducks(P<0.01).Electronic tongue analysis showed that there was no obvious difference in the breast muscle and leg muscle between lean-type and fatty-type Peking ducks aged 42 days.The plasma activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase,lactate dehydrogenase and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of fatty-type Peking ducks at 28 days of age were significantly higher than those of lean-type Peking ducks.The contents of total protein,albumin,glucose,uric acid,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher than those of lean-type Peking ducks(P<0.01),and the content of total bilirubin was significantly lower than that of lean-type Peking ducks(P<0.05).42 days of age fatty-type Peking duck blood plasma total protein,albumin,direct bilirubin,uric acid,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher than that of lean-type Peking duck,total bilirubin levels significantly lower than that of lean-type Peking duck glucose levels(P<0.01),significantly higher than lean-type Peking duck(P<0.05)The relative weight of jejunum and ileum of fatty-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age were significantly higher than that of lean-type Peking ducks(P<0.01).Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant microorganisms in the four groups of 28-day-old lean-type cecal microorganisms,28-day-old fatty-type cecal microorganisms,42-day-old lean-type cecal microorganisms,and 42-day-old fatty-type cecal microorganisms.Predictive analysis of cecal microbial function showed that genes were concentrated in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism,which were closely related to growth and fat generation.Comparing the abundance of cecal microflora of different strain groups at the same age,the abundance of Firmicutes in cecal of 28-day-old lean-type Peking ducks was higher than that of fatty-type Peking ducks,but the abundance of Fusobacteria in cecal of 28-day-old lean-type Peking ducks was higher than that of fatty-type Peking ducks.The abundance of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres in cecum of fatty-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age is higher than that of lean-type,but the abundance of Verrucomicrobia in lean-type is higher than that of fatty-type.By comparing the abundance of cecal bacteria of the same strain and different age groups,the abundance of fecal bacteria of fatty-type Peking ducks at 42 days of age was higher than that of 28 days of age.The abundance of Fusobacteria was lower than that of 28 days of age.The abundance of Verrucomicrobia at 42 days of age was higher than that at 28 days of age,but the abundance of Deferribacteres was lower than that at 28 days of age.In conclusion,the ability of fatty-type Peking ducks to deposit fat is higher than that of lean-type Peking ducks,while the ability of muscle synthesis of lean-type Peking ducks is higher than that of fatty-type Peking ducks.The difference in the abundance of Firmicutes,Fusobacteriums,Deferobacteriums and Microflora in cecum,and the difference in the abundance of Clostridium and Bacteroidetes in cecum might be the reason for the difference in the muscle and lipid deposition ability of fatty-type and lean-type Peking ducks.