| In this paper,we investigated the residue of mycotoxin in fresh milk,and studied the adsorbent of compound mycotoxin in vitro and the feeding experiment of dairy cows.They are used to prevent and control the contamination of milk and dairy products by mycotoxins.This paper is divided into three parts:Experiment 1:In this experiment,1145 samples of fresh milk from 13 regions of Jiangsu Province were collected in four quarters throughout the year.The content of aflatoxin M1(AFM1)in fresh milk was detected and analyzed.The total detection rate was 892.The detection rate was 77.9%.4 samples exceeded the standard,and the exceeding rate was 0.35%.By comparing the content of AFM1 between regions,it was found that the areas with serious toxin pollution were Taizhou,Lianyungang,Huaian,Suqian,Nantong,Suzhou and Wuxi.By comparing the contents of AFM1 in different quarters,the average values in the first and fourth quarters are higher than those in the second and third quarters.The results show that aflatoxin Ml pollution is serious,and the content of AFM1 varies with seasons,and the pollution is serious in winter.Experiment 2:In this experiment,the adsorption effect of compound mycotoxin adsorbent on fumonisin B1,zearalenone and vomitoxin in vitro was studied.It was found that the adsorption rate varied with the treatment time.The adsorption effect of compound mycotoxin adsorbent on three toxins is closely related to the treatment time,and the longer the treatment time,the better the adsorption effect.Compound mycotoxin adsorbent has very good adsorption effect on zearalenone and fumonisin B1.The optimum adsorption rates are 83.54%and 81.21%respectively.The best adsorption effect was 64.33%.The results showed that the composite mycotoxin adsorbent had an effective adsorption effect on three mycotoxins in vitro.Experiment 3:The purpose of this experiment is to reduce the accumulation of mycotoxin in cows and milk without affecting the production performance of dairy cows by adding adsorbent of mycotoxin in the diet of dairy cows,so as to provide technical reference for the health of dairy cows and the safety of raw milk.The control group was feed with basic diet.The experimental group was fed with compound mycotoxin adsorbent 20(g/d·head)in the basic diet,and other feeding and management methods remained unchanged.The trial lasted 70 days,including adaptation period of 7 days and experimental period of 63 days.Milk yield,milk composition,blood biochemical index,antioxidant capacity and immune regulation function were measured.There was no significant effect on the performance and milk composition of dairy cows by adding compound mycotoxin adsorbent in diet(P>0.05),Compared with the control group,aflatoxin,zearalenone and fumonisin in the milk of the experimental group decreased by 13.36%(P<0.05),8.64%(P<0.05),3.75%(P>0.05),respectively.And aflatoxin,zearalenone and fumonisin in the serum decreased by 20%(P<0.05),14.62%(P<0.05),13.88%(P<0.05),respectively.There was no significant difference in blood biochemical and antioxidant indexes between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05).IL-1 and IL-6 in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,but the difference is not significant(P>0.05),while TNF-α in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).It showed that the residue of mycotoxin in milk and body of dairy cows could be reduced by using compound mycotoxin adsorbent without affecting the normal production performance of dairy cows. |
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