Research On Energy Collection And Energy Saving Strategy Of LoRa Forest IoT

Forest is not only the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem,but also the material basis of economic and social development.It plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining ecological balance and improving the ecological environment.Obtaining real-time and accurate information on the forest environment and realizing the automation and intelligence of forest ecological monitoring by using advanced technical means are prerequisites and guarantees of forest resource research,and protection.This article proposes a forestry Internet of Things system based on the LoRa wireless sensor network.By combining the advantages of Internet of Things technology and the characteristics of forest ecological monitoring,and focusing on basic problems in forest ecological IoT systems facing forest ecological monitoring,such as system construction,energy consumption control,energy-saving strategies,energy acquisition,communication signal transmission rules,layout recommendations,etc.,this article comes to main conclusions are as follows:By means of comparison and analysis of mainstream IoT protocols,combined with the needs of forest ecological resource monitoring and the actual transmission conditions of forest areas,a forest IoT system construction scheme based on LoRa wireless sensor network was designed.The architecture of the LoRa-based forestry IoT system,software and hardware design schemes are proposed,and three examples of LoRa-based forestry IoT systems are provided.A LoRa forestry Internet of Things gateway and node was developed,and the feasibility of using a LoRa-based wireless sensor network system to build a forestry Internet of Things system is proved by field network operations of the forest.This article analyzes the energy consumption of each part of the node of the forestry Internet of Things system based on LoRa.With the energy-saving mechanism,the energy consumption of each part of the node was modeled and analyzed by MATLAB.It is concluded that the four aspects of energy-saving mechanism setting,sensor power consumption,data collection period length,and radio transmission power will affect the node power consumption.The strategy of "incremental transmission" is applied to compress the transmission data with the minimum calculation energy cost and reduce the data transmission frequency to save the energy of nodes.Choosing a location is conducive to the transmission of radio signals,and reducing node transmit power can extend the life of the node.By modeling and simulating the energy consumption proportion of each part of the node under different energy-saving strategies,it is confirmed that the energy-saving strategy can be used to save energy and extend the life of the node.Through experiments,the output power of the three solar cells,namely,monocrystalline silicon,polycrystalline silicon,and amorphous silicon under different luminance conditions was compared to find solar cells that fit the forest environment of the forestry Internet.The best elevation angle of the solar cell was fitted and analyzed,and an empirical model for calculating the optimal elevation angle of the solar cell in the region was obtained from the latitude of the region.Through the measured data of the sensor network nodes,the impact of the canopy density and terrain on the solar energy collection of the node is analyzed,and it is concluded that it is beneficial for the node to collect solar energy by distributing points at the south lower canopy density.This paper studies the impact of forests on radio signal propagation and identifies the main source of attenuation in forests for UHF band 433 MHz radio signals using in LoRa communications.By summary analysis of the existing models,it was concluded that the UHF band signal attenuation in the forest mainly composed of three parts: free space propagation loss,multipath propagation loss,and tree attenuation loss.Using the data from field experiments in the forest area,the multipath propagation loss model of the LoRa protocol with a frequency of 433 MHzmulti-path propagation is obtained by regression.Finally,the propagation loss prediction model of LoRa protocol at 433 MHz frequency under pure forest conditions is established,and the model is tested through field experimental data to obtain the accuracy of the established propagation loss prediction model.Based on the experimental results,the longest communication distance and recommended networking method of the LoRa-based wireless sensor network in the forest area were determined.In short,the researching results and conclusions of this article will provide a reference for the subsequent construction of the Forestry Internet of Things based on LoRa wireless sensor networks.It provides a new solution for promoting the automation,informatization,and intelligence of forest ecological monitoring.