Transcriptomic Analysis To Elucidate The Response Of Apis Mellifera Ligustica Brain Tissue To Fluvalinate Treatment

As the main economic insect,bees can not only provide rich bee products for mankind,but also their greatest contribution is to pollinate agriculture and play an important role in the global ecosystem.Apis melliferas were introduced to my country in the 1970 s and have become the main beekeeping species in my country.However,in the production of beekeeping,Apis melliferas are generally severely attacked by bee mites.At present,beekeepers mainly use chemical methods to control bee mites.Compared with other acaricides,fluvalinate has the advantages of broad spectrum and high efficiency,and is widely used in beekeeping.However,in the production of bee breeding,after the application of fluvalinate drugs to remove mites,the bee colony often decreases in number and abnormal behavior,which has caused huge losses to the beekeeping industry.Although there have been articles reporting the adverse effects of fluvalinate on honeybees,there is no research on the expression characteristics and functional analysis of mRNA in the brain tissues of worker bees after medication.Therefore,understanding the effect of fluvalinate on the mRNA in the brain tissue of honeybees is very important to solve the problem of abnormal bee colony after the treatment of mites.This article first established a fluvalinate-animal model,and randomly divided 6 groups of Italian honeybees with similar colony into a medication group and a control group.Monitor the abnormal changes in behavior,physiology and ecology of Apis melliferas after medication,and use high-throughput sequencing(HTS)for transcriptome-specific RNA sequencing of the brain tissues of Apis melliferas,and analyze them using bioinformatics and molecular methods.,In order to explore the toxic mechanism of fluvalinate to Apis mellifera,the research results are as follows:(1)Through transcriptome sequencing,we obtained 957,404,012 Raw reads from 12 libraries.After filtering,we obtained 956,250,750 Clean reads.The proportion of Clean reads exceeded 99.85%,and the sequencing quality was good.(2)After annotation,a total of 8561 genes were finally detected to be expressed in the brain tissues of 12 libraries.A pairwise comparison between each sequencing group revealed that a total of 546 genes were significantly differentially expressed between at least 2 groups.Among these differentially expressed genes,CK-vs-X1D10 had the most up-regulated differential expression,193 in total;X1D20-vs-X1D30 had the least up-regulated differential expression,which was 4.CK-vs-X1D10 had the most down-regulated differential expression,which was 181;X1D20-vs-X1D30 had the least down-regulated differential expression,which was 7.(3)The cluster analysis of expression patterns showed that the differential genes showed4 expression patterns(C1,C2,C3,C4).Among them,the C2 cluster differential genes,which accounted for nearly half of the total differential genes,were generally significantly downregulated after medication,and were mainly enriched for functions such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions;while the C3 and C4 clusters,which accounted for more than half of the total differential genes,were in It was significantly up-regulated immediately after medication,and returned to the control group level during continuous medication.These genes were mainly enriched in various metabolic pathways.From the expression patterns of differential genes,it can be inferred that the C2 cluster differential genes are related to the long-term physiological function changes caused by fluvalinate,while the C3 and C4 cluster genes are mostly related to the short-term stress caused by fluvalinate stress.(4)Based on the significantly enriched differential genes obtained in the KEGG analysis,a co-expression network consisting of 245 genes and 629 pairs of relationships between them was constructed,and 10 key genes were screened out.Key genes are mainly involved in biological processes or pathways such as signal transduction,nervous system development and corneal lens formation.Among them,the expression of the key gene LOC725970 was lower than that of the control group at 10 d,20d,and 30 d after administration,showing a downward trend.This gene is mainly involved in the regulation of biological processes such as eye development and visual perception.The actin cytoskeleton regulates the differentiation of nerve synapses and is necessary for visual development and maintenance.This study analyzed the expression patterns and effects of differential genes in brain tissues over time after Italian honeybee worker bees were stressed by fluvalinate drugs.The differential genes were characterized and functionally analyzed,and the honeybee autumn was explored at the molecular level.The mechanism of madly flying empty nest.