The Effect Of Four Kinds Of Raw Materials On Body-color Of Blood Parrot

As a cross-bred fish of Cichlasoma citrinellum and C.synspilum,Blood parrot characterized by a red body and easy breeding is a kind of ornamental fish and loved deeply by the people.There are four kinds of raw materials,Spirulina,Astaxanthin,Oceanic red yeast and Antarctic krill meal,which are pure natural materials and have an effect on color increasing.Applying them to ornamental fish farming can enhance the bright degree of the fish body color and increase the ornamental value.In this study we put blood parrot fed with basal diet in the whole process of experimet as control group and used orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment to investigate the influence of these four kinds of raw materials on pigmentation of blood parrot.As for the design of orthogonal experimental,there are four factors(these four toners)each having three levels(2%,6%,10% for spirulina;2%,0.5%,0.8% for Astaxanthin;2%,5%,8% for Oceanic red yeast;15%,10%,20% for Antarctic krill powder)and thus nine combinations producing 9kinds of Hyperchromic feed;in single factor experimental design,we added 6% spirulina,0.5%Astaxanthin,5% oceanic red yeast and 15% Antarctic krill meal to the basal diet respectively,which forming 4 kinds of single hyperchromic feeds.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)The results of chromatography on spirulina,Astaxanthin,marine red yeast,Antarctic krill powder and related literatures showed that Spirulina contained lutein,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,magnesium removal of chlorophyll,alpha carotene and beta carotene,and the rest was unknown;both ataxanthin and antarctic krill powder contained Astaxanthin,astaxanthin ester and astaxanthin esters;marine red yeast contained red yeast,round yeast,beta carotene isomers,alpha carotene.Among them,Astaxanthin and astaxanthin ester,two astaxanthin ester,alpha carotene and beta carotene were most closely related to blood parrot color brightening.Additionally,the results of saponification of blood parrot skin(including scales)and liver contained carotenoids showed that the main components of blood parrot skin(including scales)contained pigment were alpha carotene,astaxanthin ester,corn Lutein esters,astaxanthin monoesters and astaxanthin and the main component of blood parrot liver contained pigment was Astaxanthin.(2)The seventh group which is composed of 2% Spirulina,0.8% astaxanthin,2% marine red yeast and 20% Antarctic krill powder was the most effective for increase of content of total carotenoids of skin(including scales)of blood parrot and ten times as much as the control group.(3)Astaxanthin is effective on improving blood parrot surface(including scales)red chromatic value(a value)and increasing the content of fish fins erythrophore;Spirulina has a good role in improving surface(including scales)yellow chromatic value(b value)and increasing the xanthophore content.The results of orthogonal test showed that the combinations which can help the increasement of chromatic value(a value)of blood parrot skin(including scales)and the augment of erythrophore content of scales and fins in primary and second order are 0.8% Astaxanthin,20% Antarctic krill powder,2% spirulina,2% marine red yeast;0.8%Astaxanthin,20% Antarctic krill powder,2% marine red yeast,2% spirulina;0.8%Astaxanthin,2% spirulina,20% Antarctic krill powder,2% marine red yeast.Similarly,for surface yellow chromaticity value(b value)and xanthophore content of scales,the combinations in primary and second order are10% spirulina,10% Antarctic krill powder,8% marine red yeast,0.8% Astaxanthin;for xanthophore content of fins,the combinations in primary and second order are 10% spirulina,8% marine red yeast,15% Antarctic krill powder,0.2% Astaxanthin.(4)The study of absorption rate of pigment component in feed of blood parrot showed that the utilization of astaxanthin monoesters and astaxanthin diester was the highest.What is more,compared with Single hyperchromic feed,combined use of these four toners is more beneficial to the absorption and utilization of pigment component in feed of blood parrot.In conclusion,the results indicated that the optimum adding ratio of these four materials,which is beneficial to red and yellow brightering of blood parrot,was 2% Spirulina,0.8% astaxanthin,2% marine red yeast,20% Antarctic krill powder and 10% Spirulina,0.8%astaxanthin,8% marine red yeast,10%Antarctic krill powder.