Introduction Of Phellodendron Chinense Schneid.in Beijing Area And Analysis Of The Origin Of Its Medicinal Properties

Phellodendron chinense Schneid.is the source plant of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex.In order to explore the adaptability of introduced P.chinense in Beijing and the quality of its medicinal materials,and to analyze the influence on the cause of its biological properties,chemical components and quality,this study tested the biological properties,chemical components and quality of its medicinal materials in the introduction of P.chinense in Beijing Medical botanical garden and in the main production area.The adaptability of P.chinense introduced from Beijing Medical botanical garden was evaluated.The effects of climate factors on the biological characters and chemical components of P.chinense were studied by correlation analysis and sequence analysis.The main results are as follows:The results showed that the introduction of P.chinense has good adaptability in Beijing and could grow and reproduce normally.On this basis,this paper established a method to evaluate the quality of introduction of P.chinense The evaluation indexes included seed reproductive capacity and the characteristics of medicinal ingredients.In this evaluation system,the seed reproduction ability and the quality of the medicinal materials of the P.chinense introduced from Beijing are all in the middle level.All indexes of P.chinense introduced in Beijing met the requirements of Pharmacopoeia of the people’s Republic of China(Volume I)2015 for Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex.Its water content is(5.637±0.12)%,total ash content is(7.30±0.12)%,extract content is(23.83±1.68)%,berberine content is(7.02±0.25)%,and phellodendrine content is(0.44±0.01)%.Compared with the cultivated and commercial Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in the main production area,the content of index components is in the middle level.The content characteristics of alkaloids(berberine,phellodendrine,magnoflorine,palmatine),phenolic acids(3-O-ferulylquinic acid,4-O-ferulylquinic acid,syringin)and limonoids(obaculactone,obacunone)of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex from Beijing were also analyzed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the chemical characteristics of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex between from Beijing and from most of the main producing areas,and the contents of alkaloids,phenolic acids and limonoids were all in the middle level.The content of 3-0-ferulylquinic acid in Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex from Beijing was higher,the content of magnoflorine and obaculactone was lower,and the content of other components was in the middle.Climate factors have great influence on the reproductive characteristics of P.chinense seeds.The P.chinense seeds need a period of accurate low temperature time to release its dormancy,too long or too short low temperature stratification time is not conducive to its germination.The results showed that the temperature difference in the initial stage of leaf expansion and fruit growth had a great influence on the seed dormancy mode of P.chinense.In the areas with long frost-free period,short growth period,low temperature in the initial stage of leaf expansion and large temperature difference in fruit growth,the seeds were mostly need a period of accurate low temperature time to release its dormancy,otherwise,it is not necessary.The temperature difference between day and night during the growing period has great influence on the morphology of the seed and seedling of P.chinense.In the areas with large temperature difference between day and night,the seed size was larger and thousand grain weight is higher;in the areas without small temperature difference between day and night and long growth time,the seedlings were larger and stronger.Climate factors had great influence on the characteristics of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex.The results showed that the characteristics of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex were significantly related to the average temperature from June to September,the average maximum temperature in July,and the average temperature difference in July and August.The second metabolite synthesis was active when the temperature was above 20℃,the average temperature from June to September and the average maximum temperature in July were low,the average temperature difference between July and August was small,the accumulation of alkaloids and limonoids was higher,whereas the accumulation of phenolic acids was higher.The above research results show that the seed size and thousand grain weight of the P.chinense in the regions with variable climatic conditions are large,and the requirements for the low temperature stratification conditions before germination were relatively wide,so as to ensure that the germination rate of seeds were high under any conditions,and promote species reproduction;the seed size and thousand grain weight in the regions with stable climatic conditions are small,and the requirements for the low temperature stratification conditions before germination were more accurate,so as to ensure that the seeds can germinate in a more suitable environment.The response of all kinds of secondary metabolites of P.chinense to climate factors is different.The areas with lower temperature and temperature difference from June to September had higher contents of alkaloids and limonoids,and lower contents of phenolic acids.This study provided a scientific basis for the northward movement of the cultivation area of P.chinense and provided a reference for guiding the ecological suitability planning of the production area of P.chinense,and promoting standardized cultivation.In addition,the sample selection strategy with large environmental differences also provided a great help to clarify the biological characteristics of medicinal plants and the formation of the quality of medicinal materials,and provided a reference for the accurate planning of the ecological suitability of the producing areas of traditional Chinese medicine and the reasonable layout of the production of traditional Chinese medicine.