| According to the characteristics of climate,soil and other resources in Yanshan Mountain Plain and the problems of insufficient accumulated temperature,lack of water resources and imperfect water-saving supporting technology in the production of wheat and maize,during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period,the national key research and development project " scientific and technological innovation of high yield and efficiency of grain " integrated the planting technology system of high yield and efficient utilization of light and heat of wheat and maize in the region.This technology system aims at " high yield,efficiency and green ",and is a large-scale production technology for new business entities of agricultural production,including mechanized sowing,fertilization " straw returning " and quantitative irrigation.In order to evaluate the effect of this technology system on water resources utilization under high yield target,a field experiment was carried out in Laowangpu Village,Chenjiapu Township,Yutian County,Yanshan Mountain Plain.Based on the agricultural cooperatives of Jiqiang,this study compared and analyzed the water footprint and water input of wheat and maize production in the cooperative demonstration field and the adjacent farmer control field,and collected meteorological,yield and field management data from 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020.The results are as follows:Firstly,the water footprint of wheat season demonstration field and control field from 2018 to 2019 were 954.01m3/t and 1072.41m3/t,respectively.The water footprints of the demonstration field and the control field in the wheat season from 2019 to 2020 were 738.57m3/t and 971.23m3/t,respectively.In 2019,the water footprints of demonstration field and control field in maize season were 604.53 m3/t and 678.58m3/t,respectively.In 2020,the water footprint of demonstration field and control field were 434.39m3/t and 435.16m3/t,respectively.Second,in terms of nitrogen fertilizer input,two years of wheat season control field than the demonstration field were more invested 18.9kg/a,corn season control field than the demonstration field were more invested 103.5kg/ha and 40.5kg/ha.In terms of irrigation input,the wheat season control field in 2018-2019 was basically consistent with the demonstration field,and the wheat season control field increased by 100.76%compared with the demonstration field in 2019-2020.Compared with the demonstration field,the control field in maize season increased by 50%and 204.39%,respectively.In terms of yield,the demonstration field in wheat season was 9.84%and 24.67%higher than the control field,respectively.Compared with the control field,the maize season demonstration field was 8.3%and 2.3%lower.Third,through the calculation of water footprint,it can be seen that the application of grain-rich technology system in wheat season can save at least 11%water per unit yield than the traditional technology of farmers;The water-saving effect of corn season grain-rich technology system is not obvious compared with the traditional technology unit yield of farmers.Throughout the wheat-yu double cropping cycle,the grain-rich technology system can save at least 11.86%of water per unit yield.Fourthly,through the calculation of water input per unit yield,it can be seen that the use of grain-rich technology system can reduce water input by at least 9.3%in wheat season and by at least 32.87%in maize season compared with the traditional technology of farmers.During the whole wheat-yu double cropping cycle,the application of grain-rich technology system can reduce at least 19.67%of water input per year.In conclusion,in the wheat season,compared with the traditional mode of production,the grain-rich technology system can improve the yield and reduce the water consumption per unit yield,nitrogen input and water input.In the maize season,compared with the traditional production mode of farmers,the grain-rich technology system can reduce water consumption,nitrogen fertilizer input and water input per unit yield while ensuring yield.According to the above conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward for the change of production technology in Yanshan Mountain Plain.First,the traditional flood irrigation is changed into sprinkler irrigation.Second,ensure irrigation times and reduce irrigation amount.Third,reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer at the same time to use fertilizer efficiency longer release fertilizer.Fourth,select the varieties with strong regional adaptation. |
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