| The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different oil ratios(soybean oil and palm oil)on gallus production performance and intestinal function.64 1-day 817 gallus were randomly divided into 4 groups.Group 1 was Control group,group 2was Palm oil group,group 3 was Soybean oil group,group 4 was Mixed oil group,the four groups of dietary metabolic energy is 12.18 MJ/kg and protein energy is 21%,different group contains different oil,the Control group were fed no fat diet(metabolic energy 12.18 MJ/kg,protein energy is 21%);the gallus in Palm oil group,Soybean oil group and Mixed oil group were fed with 4% palm oil,4% soybean oil,2% palm oil and 2% soybean oil(metabolic energy 12.18 MJ/kg,protein energy is 21%).The whole trial period lasted 49 days,and the sample were collected in 21 days and 49 days.We did some experiments,TG,TC,HDL-ch,LDL-ch biochemical indicators,tight connected genes,TLR4 signaling pathway-related genes and inflammation-related genes m RNA expression level were measured.And the highthroughput sequencing of the cecum contents in the 16s-v4 region,the results showed that as follows:(1)The body weight of gallus in 21 days groups showed different trend.The mixed oil>palm oil group> Control group> Soybean oil group.Compared the Control group,the weight of the Mixed oil group increased significantly(P<0.05),the weight of the Palm oil group the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The weight of Soybean oil group was significantly less than the Control group(P<0.05).The body weight of gallus in 49 days groups was different,Palm oil group> Control group> Soybean oil group> Mixed oil group.There was no significant difference in body weight between the added oil groups and the Control group(P>0.05).The weight of gallus in the Palm oil group and the Mixed oil group was increased significantly(P<0.05).The weight of the gallus in the Soybean oil group and the Mixed oil group was not significantly different(P>0.05).(2)Compared with the Control group,the serum TG content of gallus in the three added oil groups in 21 days decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared the added oil groups,the serum TG content was compared with the Palm oil group,Mixed oil group and Soybean oil group increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the Control group,the serum TG and HDL-ch content of gallus in 49 days Palm oil group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the TG content of the Mixed oil group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the added oil groups,serum TG and HDL-ch content was not significantly different with groups(P>0.05).(3)In 21 days,compared with the Control group,the expression of Occludin,ZO-1,ZO-2,and MUC2 gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the expression of Occludin,ZO-1 gene m RNA in the Mixed oil group was decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the expression of Claudin-2 gene m RNA was increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared the added oil groups,the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group were increased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05),and the expression of Claudin-2 gene m RNA were decreased significantly compared with the Soybean oil group(P<0.05),the expression of Claudin-1,Occludin,ZO-1 gene m RNA in Palm oil group was increased significantly than in Mixed oil group(P<0.05),and the expression of Claudin-2 gene m RNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05);The expression of ZO-1 gene m RNA in Soybean oil group were increased significantly than in the Mixed oil group(P<0.05),the expression of Claudin-2,ZO-2,MUC2 gene m RNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05).In 49 days,compared with the Control group,the expression of Claudin-2 and ZO-1gene m RNA of Palm oil group increased significantly(P<0.05),and the expression of Claudin-1 and Claudin-2 gene m RNA in Soybean oil group increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with added oil groups,the expression of Occludin and MUC2 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group were increased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05),and the expression of Claudin-1 gene m RN in the Palm oil group was decreased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05);the expression of Occludin and MUC2 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group was increased significantly than in the Mixed oil group(P<0.05);the expression of Claudin-1 and Claudin-2 gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were increased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05).(4)In 21 days,compared with Control group,the expression of IKK-β gene m RNA in the Palm oil group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the expression of TLR4,IKK-α,IKK-β gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were decreased significantly(P<0.05),the expression of NF-κB p50 gene m RNA were increased significantly(P<0.05),and the TLR4,IKK-α,IKK-β,PPAR-α gene m RNA expression of the Mixed oil group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the added oil groups,the expression of TLR4,IKK-β gene m RNA in the Palm oil group was increased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05);the expression of TLR4,IKK-α,IKK-β gene m RNA in the Palm oil group.Compared with the Mixed oil group,the expression of TLR4,IKK-α,IKK-β,NF-κB p50 gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were increased significantly(P<0.05).In 49 days,the expression of My D88 and NF-κB p65 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group were decreased significantly(P<0.05),and in the Soybean oil group the expression of TLR4,IKK-β,My D88,NF-κB p50,NF-κB p65 gene m RNA were increased significantly(P<0.05),in the Mixed oil group the expression of TLR4,My D88,NF-κB p65 gene m RNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the added oil groups,the expression of TLR4,IKK-α,IKK-β,My D88,NF-κB p50,NF-κB p65 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group were decreased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05);The expression of TLR4 gene m RNA group in the Palm oil group were increased significantly than that in the Mixed oil group(P<0.05);the expression of TLR4,IKK-α,IKK-β,My D88,NF-κB p50,NF-κB p65 gene m RNA in Soybean oil group were increased significantly than in the Mixed oil group(P<0.05).(5)In 21 days,compared with the Control group,the expression of IL-12 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group were decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the expression of IL-8 and TGF-β gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were increased significantly(P<0.05),the expression of IL-2,IL-8,IL-10,TGF-β gene m RNA in the Mixed oil group were increased significantly(P<0.05),the expression of IL-4 gene m RNA in the Mixed oil group were decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the added oil groups,the expression of IL-4,IL-8,IL-12,and TGF-β gene m RNA in Palm oil group were decreased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05).The expressin of IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,TGF-β gene m RNA were decreased significantly than in the Mixed oil group(P<0.05),the expression of IL-2gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were decreased significantly than in the Mixed oil group(P<0.05).In 49 days,compared with the Control group,the expression of TNF-α,IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,and TGF-β gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the added oil groups,the expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-12 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group were decreased significantly than in the Soybean oil group(P<0.05),and the expression of IL-6 gene m RNA in the Palm oil group were increased significantly than in the Mixed oil group(P<0.05),and the expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-12,TGF-β gene m RNA in the Soybean oil group were increased significantly than in the Mixed oil group.(P<0.05).(6)In 21 days,the Shannon in the Soybean oil group were increased significantly than in Control group(P<0.05).The number of OTUs in the Mixed oil group of 49 days were decreased significantly than in Control group(P<0.05),and the number of OTUs in the Mixed oil group were decreased significantly than in the Palm oil group(P<0.05).Multivariate statistical analysis found that the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Synergistetes in the 21 days in the Palm oil group was increased significantly than in the Control group(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the 49 days in the Soybean oil group was increased significantly than in the Control group(P<0.05),the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the Soybean oil group were decreased significantly than in the Control group(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides in Soybean oil group increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:The addition of palm oil or mixed oil(palm oil and soybean oil)to the diet could improve the intestinal barrier function of gallus,regulate the intestinal flora,reduce inflammation level,and has certain production and application value. |
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