| To investigate effects of sowing dates,density and nitrogen application on yield and quality of wheat,the YanNong 999(high yield,high quality,wide adaptability and strong gluten)was used as material in the experiment in the Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Province in 2018-2019,by using of randomized block test design two factors of sowing date and density,density and nitrogen application.Providing the theoretical support for the produce high-yield and high-quality cultivation in production of YanNong999.The results were as follows:(1)The test results showed that the sowing date and density had significant effect on the growth period and biological characters of wheat YanNong 999.The fertility period was delayed with the delay of the sowing date,and the total number of fertility days was significantly shortened.The latest sowing date A5 was significantly shortened by 19 days compared to the earliest sowing date A1,but the mature time and date were only behind 2 days.The number of tillers in the population increased first and then decreased with the advancement of fertility,and reached the highest number of stemtillers at the jointing stage.The highest wheat stemborer for A3B3(October 8th,2.69million/hm~2)was 16.98million/hm~2,and the lowest wheat stemborer for A5B1(October 18th,1.49 million/hm~2)was 10.29 million/hm~2,and the difference is significant.The highest plant height treatment A1B3(September 28th,2.69 million/hm~2)was 86.40cm,minimum height treatment A4B5(October 13th,3.88 million/hm~2)was 80.69cm,with the higher than the lowest value of 5.07%.and the difference is not significant.(2)The test results showed that the sowing date and density had effect on the flag leaf area index of wheat YanNong 999.The highest flag leaf area index for A3B5(October 8th,3.88 million/hm~2)was 7.86,and the lowest flag leaf area index for A5B1(October 18th,1.49 million/hm~2)was 3.91,with the higher than the lowest value of 101%,and the difference was very significant.The test results showed that the sowing date and density had significant effect on the flag net photosynthetic rate of wheat YanNong 999.YanNong 999 reached its maximum net photosynthetic rate during flowering and then gradually decreased.The highest net photosynthetic rate of A3B5(October 8th,3.88 million/hm~2)during the flowering period was 34.52μmol/(m~2·s),and the lowest net photosynthetic rate of A5B1(October 18th,1.49million/hm~2)was 27.56μmol/(m~2·s),which was 25.25%higher than the lowest value.(3)The test results showed that the sowing date and density had significant effect on the yield and yield components of wheat YanNong 999.The treatment A3B3(October 8th,2.69 million/hm~2)had the highest yield and spike number,which were11197.78kg/hm~2and 9.24 million/hm~2,respectively,30.18%and 35.48%higher than the lowest values;the treatment A3B1(October 8th,1.49 million/hm~2)had the highest spikelet number and thousand-grain weight,which were 50 grains/pan and53.49g,which were47.06%and 33.79%higher than the lowest values,respectively.Through the optimization,the suitable sowing date for high-yield YanNong 999 wheat was from October 3th to October 8th,and the suitable sowing amount was 2.69 million/hm~2to 3.28 million/hm~2.The test results showed that the nitrogen application rate and density had significant effect on the yield and yield components of wheat YanNong999.The treatment C3D3(2.69 million/hm~2,150kg/hm~2)had the highest yield and spike number,which were 11187kg/hm~2and 8.87million/hm~2,respectively,15.53%and 25.93%higher than the lowest values;the highest grains per spike of C1D3(1.49 million/hm~2,150kg/hm~2)was 53 grains/pan,which was 23.25%more than the lowest value;the maximum 1000-grain weight of C1D1(1.49 million/hm~2,CK)was 53.33g,which was 36.25%higher than the lowest value.Through the optimization,the suitable nitrogen application rate for high-yield YanNong 999 wheat was from 150kg/hm~2to 230kg/hm~2,and the suitable sowing amount was 2.69 million/hm~2 to 3.28 million/hm~2.(4)The test results showed that the sowing date and density had effect on quality of wheat YanNong 999.The treatment A3B3(October 8th,2.69 million/hm~2)had the highest protein content and wet gluten content,which were 14.35%and32.98%,respectively,9.37%and 21.34%higher than the lowest values;the longest stabilization time for processing A3B3(October 8th,2.69 million/hm~2)was 29.56min,which was 52.84%longer than the shortest time.Sowing date and density have significant effects on wet gluten content,formation time,stabilization time,degree of weakening,and silty mass numbers.To the treatment A3B3(October 8th,2.69million/hm~2)quality is the best.The test results showed that the nitrogen application rate and density had effect on the quality of wheat YanNong 999.The treatment C3D3(2.69 million/hm~2,150kg/hm~2)had the highest protein content and wet gluten content,which were 14.85%and 32.79%,respectively,13.18%and 23.50%higher than the lowest values.;the protein content and wet gluten content of C3D3(2.69 million/hm2,150kg/hm2)were the highest,which were 14.85%and 32.79%,respectively,13.18%and 23.50%higher than the lowest values;the longest time for processing C3D5(2.69million/hm~2,300kg/hm~2)was 26.75min,which was 30.93%longer than the shortest time.The best comprehensive quality was C3D3(2.69 million/hm~2,150kg/hm~2). |
