Analysis Of Variation On Fruit Characters Of Clonal Populations From Shenzhou Peach

Shenzhou peach belongs to the deciduous small tree of Rosaceae peach genus.It has a cultivation history of more than two thousand years.It is the prototype of the typical Shoutao culture in the north.It is called "Shenzhou Peach".In this experiment,30 Shenzhou peach trees were randomly selected in the core area of Shenzhou peach(fruit tree field,Mucun,Dujiazhuang,Ximazhuang,Jiuzhou)as the test material,and the variation of fruit characters from Shenzhou peach was tested.by two factors,variation accumulation and soil nutrient conditions.The specific findings are as follows:(1)From the investigation results of the fruit trait variation of Shenzhou peach clones,it was found that the fruit characters of Shenzhou peach varied greatly.In terms of single fruit weight,most(28/30)fruit weight was between 270 g and 400 g,and only 2 samples was above 400 g.the coloring degree of the fruit surface is relatively poor(37%~61%).In terms of flatness of fruit surface,nearly 50% of the plants are not smooth enough(flat 16,smooth 12,uneven 2).solid content was below 14.6% except 5 samples with soluble solidscontent above 15%.Had a lot of problems were found in fruit coloring,flatness of fruit surface and content of soluble solids of Shenzhou peach.(2)From the measurement results of the soil nutrient content in the core production areas of Shenzhou peach,it was found that the pH value in different orchards was relatively stable,the coefficient of variation was the smallest,the variation range was between 6.3 and 7.5,and the average value was 7.1.The content of organic matter varied greatly,with a coefficient of variation of 46.2%,ranging from 10.6 g/kg to 43.5 g/kg,with an average of 17.15 g/kg,which was in the lower middle level.The coefficient of variation of total nitrogen was relatively small,the coefficient of variation was 15.4%,and the absolute valueswere above 0.1 g/kg,which could meet the demands of Shenzhou peach.The coefficients of variation of other mineral elements were relatively large,ranging from 29.9% to 70.9%.Compared with the soil nutrient content 10 years ago,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were decreased.(3)From the results of the whole genome resequencing analysis of Shenzhou peach,7236634 SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms),1321524 Indels(insertion and deletion sequences),SV(structural variation)174900,CNV(copy number variation)64778 were detected.Among the SNP detection results,a total of 501,491 exons were detected,accounting for 6.93% of the total,26,2009 were non-synonymous mutations including 4,210 early termination codons,938 termination missing codons.In the Indel test results,a total of 10292 exons were detected including 363 early stop codons,74 stop-deletion codons,5321 frame-shifting missing codons,and 4534 frame-shifting insertion codons.In the SV and CNV test results,there are 25418 and 12970 exons,respectively.According to the exon analysis results of SNP,Indel,SV,and CNV,a lot of natural variations were accumulated in Shenzhou peach,which may be an internal factor for fruit trait variation.(4)Finally,three Suggestions were propounded,such as implementing standardized production of Shenzhou peach(such as formulating technical regulations and quality standards),soil improvement(such as increasing the application of organic fertilizers,reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizers),and the selection of clones(to Recommendations were made in three aspects: fruit coloring,fruit surface flatness and soluble solids content.