Research On The Impact Of Hawthorne Effect In Resource Management Of Nature Reserves

E.P.Odum,a famous American ecologist,proposed that ecology is a bridge between science and society,but how to build this bridge has not been determined.The most important content of Hawthorne effect refers to the tendency of individuals observed by others to change their behavior.As a hot research area for researchers,when the local community residents realized that the environment they live in for generations and the residents themselves are being concerned and studied by researchers,whether they will have the tendency to change their behavior,whether this tendency will produce positive or negative effects on the nature conservation,and whether the effects will be more conducive to the sustainable management of natural resources.Based on the framework of social economic natural complex ecosystem,this paper introduced Cobb Douglas production function model,constructed the model on the basis of social,economic and natural factors,deduces the relationship between the accumulation of Hawthorne effect caused by the research behavior of researchers and the management effect of the reserve.I took Mengyangzi nature reserve of Xishuangbanna national nature reserve and Bulong prefectural nature reserve as the research sites for empirical analysis.According to the actual situation of the reserves,eight natural villages were selected for sampling in mengyang nature reserve,and nine natural villages were selected for sampling in Bulong nature reserve to reflect the overall situation of the reserve.Based on the household interview questionnaire,the field survey is carried out and the basic date of each village is obtained.Through the portraits of the interviewees in the survey process,the basic data of each village is obtained by quantifying and weighting the questionnaire data obtained by different types of users.Combined with the official statistical data and literature retrieval data,the reliability of questionnaire data is supplemented and proved.The output index of the production function model based on the framework of social economic natural complex ecosystem should be composed of the coupling of social factors,economic factors and natural factors.However,since the nature reserve is defined for the purpose of protecting the special ecosystem,landform and species,it does not have direct economic benefits,so the economic factor was not taken as the output index in this study Mark.The results are as follows:1.By using GIS technology to analyze the land use change of the two nature reserves in 2007,2013 and 2018,it was found that the change of land use and land cover is not obvious as there were no strong driving force of policy guidance.Combined with the actual management situation of the reserves,the change degree of the dynamic vegetation community in the reserve is not obvious in the 10 years,that means,the output of natural factors was not obvious these 10 years.2.Based on the assumption that the output index of natural resources does not change,this paper constructs a C-D production function model to analyze the impact of social factors(willingness response of residents in the reserve)on management effectiveness.Through the linear regression analysis of SPSS,it is found that the average contribution ratio of Hawthorne effect factors to the output indicators of Mengyang nature reserve and Bulong nature reserve is 51.54% and 17.98% respectively;the average contribution ratio of community management in human input indicators of reserve managers is 21.29% and 60.04% respectively.The results show that the accumulated Hawthorne effect has a significant contribution value in the management of the nature reserve.When the residents of the reserve realized that they were being concerned,they were more likely to produce positive effects and reduce the interference to the ecosystem of the reserve.Bulong prefectural nature reserve was established in 2008.According to the survey results,although the input of community management manpower is less than Mengyang nature reserve,the contribution rate is far higher than Mengyang nature reserve;Mengyang nature reserve of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve was established earlier,and the Hawthorne effect contribution rate of scientific researchers is far higher than that of community management manpower.It is concluded that in the early stage of the establishment of the reserve,the direct manpower input and rules and regulations of the official organization will play a more effective role in the management of the reserve;after the establishment and gradual stabilization of the reserve,the management impact of the official organization will play a more effective role in the management of the reserve.Therefore,in the management process of the reserve,we should vigorously promote community comanagement,pay more attention to the residents of the reserve,so as to affect their response willingness and behavior,which is more conducive to the sustainable development of the reserve.