| The Central Yunnan Plateau is the core area of social and economic development in Yunnan,China,and its landscape pattern dynamics are affected by physical conditions and human activities.In this study,Multi-period remote sensing imageries of Landsat were used as the source data to interpret the landscape structure and pattern of the Central Yunnan Plateau in 1975,1990,2005,and 2018.The landscape pattern index were applied to analyze the dynamic changes of landscape pattern.Climate,topography,and social-economic factors were adopted as driving forces to elucidate the evolution of mountain landscape patterns,which would be helpful in regional landscape patterns optimization,sustainable development,as well as ecosystem management.The results show as follow:(1)The present landscape of the Central Yunnan Plateau was mainly dominated by forest land,accounting for 49.74% of the total area;secondly,shrub land composed of 24.63%;cultivated land and construction land accounted for 20.89% and 2.86%.(2)From 1975 to 2018,the area of shrub land,forest land,cultivated land and grass land decreased by 5.64%,0.63%,0.19% and 1.80% respectively,meanwhile,construction land increased by 171.43%.(3)The conversion of landscape types in different periods had different characteristics.In the early period of the study period(1975 ~ 2005),the conversion between landscape types was more complicated,and in the later period(2005 ~ 2018),the conversion between landscape types was relatively simple.From 1975 to 1990,it was dominated one-way conversion of forest land to cultivated land;from 1990 to 2005,it was mainly represented by multi-directional conversion among forest land,cultivated land,and construction land;from 2005 to 2018,it was mainly converted from cultivated land to construction land,and shrub land to forest land.Shrub land and cultivated land were two types of landscapes having the most dynamic changes.(4)Landscape index analysis showed that the degree of fragmentation of forest land and cultivated land increased all time,their patchness shape tended to be more complicated,and their aggregation and connectivity decreased.The fragmentation and shape index of construction land increased,as well as their connectivity and aggregation.(5)The spatial heterogeneity of the landscape pattern dynamics in the central Yunnan Plateau was mainly affected by the urban-town pattern.The patch density(PD),landscape division index(DIVISION),effective mesh size(MESH),contagion(CONTAG),landscape shape index(LSI)and other landscape indexes changed significantly.The landscape index changes in the eastern part of the Yunnan Plateau were more significant than in the western part,but the change of landscape diversity index was not significant.(6)The dynamic pattern of landscape index was simultaneously driven by physical and social-economic factors.The landscape pattern changes from 1975 to 1990 were mainly affected by mean annual temperature,elevation,population,and road length;from 1990 to 2005,they were mainly affected by factors such as population,road length,GDP,annual precipitation,and slope;from 2005 to 2018,the main explanatory variables were population,mean annual temperature,road length,mean annual precipitation,altitude,and slope.In general,the landscape changes from 1975 to 2018 were mainly affected by slope and road length,and the dynamics of landscape pattern were mainly controlled by social-economic factors,and from 1975 to 1990,physical factors were more important than social-economic factors,then from 1990 to 2018 there were more influence of physical constraints.The mean annual temperature put more effects on the changes of forest land than other factors.Cultivated land was mainly affected by population density,and the main constraint on the dynamics of construction land pattern was slope. |
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