| In recent years,China’s social productive forces and achieve rapid economic development,agricultural level been improved to a certain extent,but at present our country is still low water use efficiency,waste of water resources and the problem of agricultural pollution becomes worse and worse,therefore,choose reasonable control measures,water under the same fertilizer rate,increase crop water use efficiency,is to reduce the waste of water,an important way to save water.This paper takes waxy corn as the research object,and the test area is located in jinzhong basin,Shanxi Province.Three fertilization methods were set up in the experiment:F0(one-time reapplication of fertilizer before field preparation),F1(30%of base application+30%of jointing stage+40%of large trumpet mouth stage),F2(30%of base application+70%of large trumpet mouth stage)and 2 kinds of control irrigation levels were set I1(seeding time,late-jointing stage and booting stage,respectively,to control soil moisture content in the appropriate moisture content levels 75%-85%?_f)and I0(i.e.,the seeding time to control soil moisture content 75%-85%?_f,the seedling stage-early jointing stage 65%-75%?_f,late booting stage,jointing stage and booting stage,flowering period shall be 70%-80%?_f),a randomized block design,a total of six processing,analysis of whole ditch planting conditions,different control irrigation and fertilization methods on waxy maize growth,the influence of water and nitrogen uptake and yield,to determine irrigation fertilization model for waxy maize,It provides a basis for the irrigation and fertilization system of waxy corn under the condition of the whole film double furrow sowing.The results are as follows:1.Effect of water and fertilizer regulation on soil moisture and waxy corn growth(1)The change trend of different soil layers under different treatments of irrigation and fertilization is consistent.The water absorbed by waxy corn during the growth and maturity process is mainly in the 0～80cm soil layer,and the deep soil water use is less.The influence of uniformity coefficient is small.(2)The effect of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on the growth of waxy corn plants is not significant,but the same control irrigation,the same fertilization amount,the N and K fertilizers are applied in a sequential manner.The plant height and leaf area index of waxy corn were improved.With the same fertilization method,the plant height and leaf area index of waxy corn with four irrigations were better than those with two irrigations.Under the conditions of this experiment,the waxy corn plants under F0I1 treatment had the best growth.(3)There are significant differences in the effects of different fertilization methods and controlled irrigation on the chlorophyll content of waxy corn leaves during the entire growth period.Under the same controlled irrigation,N and K fertilizers can be applied in stages to make waxy corn leaves during the growth period.The increased content of chlorophyll has a better promotion effect on the absorption and accumulation of nutrients and the photosynthesis process during the growth of waxy corn.The fertilization method is the same,and the four-time irrigation control also significantly increased the chlorophyll content of waxy corn leaves.From booting to maturity,F0I1 treatment alleviated the degradation of chlorophyll.(4)The root vitality of waxy corn increases first and then decreases during the whole growth period.From seedling stage to jointing period,irrigation has a significant promotion effect on root vitality.The same irrigation conditions and the same amount of fertilization,the growth of waxy corn During the period,the fertilization methods of top dressing can improve the root vitality.2.Effect of water and fertilizer regulation on waxy corn yield and water use(1)With the same fertilization method,the yield of fresh ears of waxy corn under four controlled irrigations during the growth period of waxy corn is higher than that under two controlled irrigations;under the same controlled irrigation and the same amount of fertilization,the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers for waxy corn in multiple applications The yield of fresh ears can be improved.Among all the treatments,the yield of waxy corn under F0I1treatment reached the highest value,which was 11844.56kg/hm~2.(2)The same control of irrigation conditions,the same amount of fertilization,the sequential application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers reduced the water consumption of waxy corn throughout the growth period,and improved the water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency and grain yield of waxy corn,of which N,30%of K fertilizer base application+30%top application in jointing period+40%top application in the trumpet mouth period.This fertilization method has a more obvious improvement effect.In terms of irrigation water utilization rate,F1I1 and F2I1 treatments are respectively improved compared to F0I1.21.88%and 13.55%.With the same fertilization method,the yield of waxy corn with four irrigations was higher,but the water utilization and irrigation water utilization of waxy corn with two irrigations were higher.3.Effect of water and fertilizer adjustment on nitrogen content and utilization of waxy maize(1)The nitrogen content of waxy corn leaves and stalks gradually decreased with the growth period,and the nitrogen content of the stalks during the whole growth period was lower than that of the leaves.In all the treatments,the same control of irrigation conditions and the application of N and K fertilizers in multiple topdressing can more effectively promote the nitrogen absorption of plants and the transportation and transfer of nitrogen from leaves and stems to other organs.(2)The same control of irrigation,the sequential application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers also promoted the nitrogen absorption efficiency of waxy corn,increased the nitrogen accumulation of waxy corn during maturity,and improved the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer.In this way,the four-time irrigation control also improved the nutrient absorption of waxy corn.Under this experimental condition,the nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of waxy corn treated with F0I1 reached the highest.(3)The nitrogen absorption efficiency of waxy corn has a significant positive correlation with the root vitality at maturity,indicating that the size of root vitality determines the absorption of nitrogen and other nutrients by waxy corn.(4)The relationship between the fresh ear yield of waxy corn and the water consumption during the whole growth period and the nitrogen accumulation during the maturity period shows a quadratic parabola change,indicating that too much or too little water consumption and nitrogen accumulation will cause The yield of fresh ears of waxy corn decreased.Through correlation analysis of nitrogen absorption efficiency and root vitality,fresh ear yield and water consumption,fresh ear yield and nitrogen accumulation of mature stage of waxy corn,it is found that reasonable adjustment of irrigation and fertilization measures is to improve nutrient absorption efficiency and yield of waxy corn,The key to saving water and fertilizer. |
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