Study On The Hypoxia Adaptability Of Anoplorhora Glabripennis In Northern China

Anoplorhora glabripennis belongs to Coleoptera,Cerambycidae,Lamiinae,Anoplorhora.It mainly harms broad-leaved tree species such as willow,maple,poplar,and elm.The larvae eat the trunk xylem and phloem,and the adult worms eat the petioles and tender branches.They are the destructive borer pests in the "Three North" protection forest area of China,and are also the objects of major international quarantine.A.glabripennis was originally mainly distributed in North China,and now it is spreading to other areas.It is reported that the new occurrence area of A.glabripennis has reached Harbin in the north,Mudanjiang in the east and Yili in the west.At present,it has been introduced to Xinjiang,Tibet and other areas in China,and still has the potential risk of invasion to the high latitude or high altitude areas.However,these areas are usually characterized by high cold and low oxygen.Based on this,this paper takes A.glabripennis in Changchun City of Jilin Province as the research object,analyzes the hypoxia adaptability of A.glabripennis from the perspective of oxygen concentration,preliminarily defines the hypoxia tolerance of it,and analysis differential expression genes of A.glabripennis under different hypoxia conditions.The main research methods and results are as follows:(1)Combined with the oxygen content in plateau area and the hypoxia related research of other insects,in the three-gas incubator,four gradients of oxygen concentration of 10%,2%,1% and 0.5% were set to conduct the hypoxia tolerance experiment of A.glabripennis,and observe the activity status of it.This part of the experiment showed that A.glabripennis could survive in the condition of very low oxygen concentration,and it was speculated that 2% oxygen concentration might be the hypoxia tolerance limit of A.glabripennis to sustain life activities.In addition,the oxygen concentration of 0.5% can make A.glabripennis lose its life characteristics in a short time,but it does not really die,which suggests that its hypoxia tolerance is very strong.(2)The oxygen concentration was set to 7%(severe hypoxia),14%(moderate hypoxia)and 21%(atmospheric constant oxygen control group).The experimental groups with different oxygen concentrations were treated with hypoxia,and other treatment conditions were the same.After hypoxia treatment,total RNA was extracted from samples of each group for transcriptome sequencing.Comparing all genes and transcripts obtained by transcriptome assembly with 6 large databases of NR、Swiss-Prot、Pfam、Egg NOG、GO and KEGG,a total of 40,539 unigenes have been annotated;Transcriptome sequencing results showed that showed that the expressions of some genes in the 7 % and 14 % oxygen concentration treatment groups were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated,compared with the control group(21% oxygen concentration).There were 569 up-regulated genes and 1,718 down-regulated genes,a total of 2,287 genes,which were the gene set "BC＿up＿and＿down".(3)Annotate 2287 genes in gene set "BC＿up＿and＿down" to COG,GO and KEGG databases to analyze gene annotation.The results showed that in the COG database,except for unknow function S,the most annotated function type was O: Posttranslational modification,protein turnover,chaperones;followed by U: Intracellular trafficking,secretion,and vesicular transport,K: Transcription,T: Signal transduction mechanism.In the GO database,all 2287 genes in the gene set "BC＿up＿and＿down" have been annotated,involving a total of 50 kinds of functions,among which 14 belong to molecular functions,14 belong to biological processes,and 22 belong to cell components.The functions with more annotations are mainly in the cell part,binding,cell process,catalytic activity,etc.Pathway annotation was obtained for 2258 of the 2287 genes in the KEGG database,and the subcategories with large annotations were metabolism,genetic information processing,environmental information processing,and cellular process,etc.(4)The 2287 genes in the gene set "BC＿up＿and＿down" were enriched in GO and KEGG databases respectively.The results showed that in the GO database,a total of 1672 genes of 2287 genes were enriched in the GO database,and most of the genes were enriched in cell components,cell parts,intracellular parts,ion binding,organelles,etc.In the KEGG database,a total of 1159 genes of 2287 genes showed enrichment.The most abundant pathways were purine metabolism,huntington disease,pathways in cancer,cAMP signaling pathway,human papillomavirus infection,RNA transport,etc.