| Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.is a kind of medicinal and edible wild herb full of nutriments,in recent years,the wild Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.resources have been sharply reduced,due to the large number of people picking wild vegetables,so it has become an inevitable trend to use artificial cultivation methods to plant Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.for a large-scale cultivation to meet people’s daily needs.Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.is rich in active ingredients and nutrients such as saponins,flavonoids,polysaccharides,etc,which can be used in medicine and can be made into nutritious dishes.Some studies have shown that people mainly eat the root of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,but the upper stem and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.also contain a lot of nutrients.For the efficient cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,the predecessors carried out extensive and in-depth research on the roots of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,but very few studies have been made on the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC..In this paper,different cultivation methods,tillage methods and fertilization methods were used to study Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,so as to obtain suitable cultivation conditions for the growth of the aboveground stem and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.and the accumulation of nutrients,and to provide data support for the artificial cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC..The main results are as follows:(1)Different cultivation densities significantly effected the growth of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,which showed that the growth was fastest under the M2(20cm×8cm)density at the early stage of growth;while in the later stage of growth,the growth was fastest when the density was M4(20cm×10cm);after harvesting,the plant height,stem diameter and number of leaves of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.increased with the decrease of the cultivation density,and it is most conductive to recovery and growth of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.under the M4(20cm×10cm)density;meanwhile,under this density,the chlorophyll content,saponin,flavonoids,polysaccharides,soluble protein content of stem and leaf of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.were the highest,as well as the yield per plant was the highest;while under the M1(20cm×4cm)density,the yield per plot and the yield per mu were the highest.As the yield per plant increases with the decrease of density,the difference between the yield per plot and yield per mu under the densities of M1(20cm×4cm),M2(20cm×8cm)and M3(20cm×10cm)is not significant.Therefore,it is better to plant Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.at the densities of 20cm×8cm and 20cm×10cm.(2)Suitable ridge height and border height could effectively promote the growth of leaf used Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,which showed that the seedling emergence rate was the highest under 10cm(Q1)border treatment;under 20cm(Q3)border treatment,the plant height,stem diameter and leaf number of leaf used Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.grew at the fastest speed;under the 20cm border(Q3)treatment,the recovery speed of leaf used Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.was the fastest;in the whole process of growth,the growth of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.root showed a slow-fast-slow trend with the change of days;among them,under the treatment of 25cm ridge planting(L4),the root growth was the best;the contents of saponins,flavones,polysaccharides,soluble proteins and chlorophyll in Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.were significantly increased under the treatment of 15cm ridge planting(L2),and the yield per plant of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.was the highest;under the20cm(Q3)border treatment,the yield per plot and the yield per mu were the highest.(3)In this experiment,the emergence rate of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of organic fertilizer.Among them,under the treatment of 25kg/667m~2 enzyme organic fertilizer+150kg/667m~2 biochar base fertilizer+15kg/667m~2 microbial fertilizer,the emergence rate was the highest;under the treatment of50kg/667m~2 enzyme organic fertilizer+50kg/667m~2 biochar base fertilizer+20kg/667m~2 microbial fertilizer(J9),Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.reached the harvesting standard at the fastest speed,and the root growth was the best under the treatment,with the highest yield;the treatment of75kg/667m~2 enzyme organic fertilizer+50kg/667m~2 biochar base fertilizer+15kg/667m~2 microbial fertilizer(J13)was beneficial to the recovery growth of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.;the treatments of 25kg/667m~2 enzyme organic fertilizer+100kg/667m~2 biochar base fertilizer+20kg/667m~2 microbial microbial fertilizer(J6)and 50kg/667m~2 biochar base fertilizer+20kg/667m~2 microbial microbial fertilizer(J9)were beneficial to the accumulation of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,flavonoids,polysaccharides and other qualities.(4)Spraying humic acid foliar fertilizer has a certain effect on the growth of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,which showed that the best growth was achieved under the treatment of spraying 1000 times liquid three times,namely F2(3),and the harvest standard is reached first;meanwhile,the treatment was most beneficial to the recovery and growth of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,the growth of root and the accumulation of saponins and flavonoids.Under the treatment of spraying 600 times liquid twice,namely F1(2),the content of chlorophyll,polysaccharide,soluble protein and yield of Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.were the highest.The recovery growth of the aboveground part and the underground part of the Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.were the best when the amino acid foliar fertilizer was sprayed for three times,that is,A1(3)treatment.Under the treatment of spraying A1(2)500 times liquid twice,spraying A2(3)900 times liquid three times,the leaf used Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,the overall quality is better,the highest yield. |
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