Effects Of Seasonal Changes Of The Environmental Parameters On The Health Of Lambs From Intensive Sheep Farm In Northern Xinjiang

The seasonal changes of the environment of intensive sheep farming in northern Xinjiang were explored to understand the correlation between environmental changes and lamb’s health.It laid a scientific foundation for screening environmental parameters suitable for sheep breeding.This study used the method of static and dynamic binding to environmental indicators(Illumination intensity,Temperature,Humidity,Noise,CO₂,NH₃,SH₂,CH₄,PM₁₀,TSP)were each monitored for 20 days,clinical investigations were performed on common lamb diseases,and fecal bacterial communities were detected using Illumina Mi Seq sequencing 16S r RNA sequencing technology.The monitoring results showed that the temperature in the spring,summer,autumn and winter months of the sheep farm was 15,24,10 and 24 hours,respectively,which did not in line with Chinese industry standards（Environmental Quality Standard for Livestock and Poultry Farms-NY/T388-1999）.The concentration and humidity of TSP,PM₁₀,NH₃,and CO₂ in the winter quarters were significantly higher than those in other seasons（P<0.01）,and the winter CO₂ concentration and humidity were significantly higher than the Chinese industry standard limits.The main diseases of the farm lambs were diarrhea,pneumonia and sputum.The number of coughs was highest in winter lambs（P<0.01）.There is a seasonal variation in the intestinal flora of lambs,which is similar to the structure of lambs in spring and winter,and similar to the structure of lambs in summer and autumn.At the gate level,the predominant flora was dominated by the thick walled Firmicutes（47.3%）,the Bacteroidetes（38.1%）and the Proteobacteria（6.3%）.At the level of genera,Ruminococcus（21.8%）,Bacteroidales（8.5%）and Clostridiales（8.3%）were the dominant flora.There were some differences in six bacteriophages such as Bacteroidetes（P<0.01）,Verrucomicrobia（P<0.05）,and Spirochaetes（P<0.05）.At the genus level,there were also some differences in five genus such as Ruminococcus（P<0.01）,Bacteroidales（P<0.01）,and Clostridiales（P<0.01）.This study has a preliminary understanding of the seasonal variation rule of the environmental parameters of the grazing sheep breeding in northern Xinjiang in the past year.The results suggested that temperature,TSP,PM₁₀,NH₃,and CO₂ concentrations and humidity levels in winter quarters were higher than those in lambs,which in turn lead to susceptibility of lambs to respiratory diseases in winter.This is an appropriate environmental parameter setting and establishment of suitable meat for sheep in northern Xinjiang.Aquaculture environmental standards laid a solid foundation;in terms of intestinal flora,a comprehensive understanding of the classification structure and functional activities of microbial communities living in the intestinal tract of lambs was obtained.Lactobacillus with thick wall bacteria as the main flora,the changes of flora were mainly caused by changes in the interaction between the host and the flora which caused by diet and seasonal environmental changes.In order to further investigate the relationship between the dynamics and management of intestinal microbiota and dietary variables,and to lay the foundation for the development of aquaculture.