| Different protein sources have different nutritional value to bee pollen feed.In the production practice,there is no honey powder source in the early spring and autumn propagation period,and no suitable pollen substitute feed has been found to feed the bee colony.Therefore,it is urgent to find one or several raw materials for the preparation of pollen substitute feed.In this study,corn protein powder,rapeseed cake,beer yeast and Candida utilis were used as raw materials,and Italian honeybee was used as the research object.By making the raw materials into pollen substitute feed and feeding the separated workers and normal bees,the intake,digestibility and utilization rate of workers’ feed,colony potential,initial weight of workers,crude protein content of bee body,activity of enzymes related to midgut and antioxidation were studied To evaluate the nutritional value of corn protein powder,rapeseed cake,beer yeast and Candida utilis as protein source of bee feed,and to provide theoretical basis and reference for the formulation of bee pollen substitute feed and feeding standard.Experiment 1: Study on the nutritional value of different protein materials to the worker bee.One day old worker bees were randomly selected from healthy and disease-free colonies for indoor feeding.They were randomly divided into 5 groups,each treatment group had 5repetitions,each repetition had 50 bees,among which 4 groups were the experimental group.They were fed with the diet composed of test materials(corn protein powder,rapeseed cake,brewer’s yeast and Candida utilis),honey and white sugar respectively.The other group was the blank group,fed with sugar water Solution.The experiment lasted for 9 days,6 days with diet and 3 days with sugar water solution.The intake,digestibility,protein content in different tissues(head and chest)of wasp and the activity of midgut related enzymes were measured and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the feed intake of corn protein meal group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups;(2)when the protein source was rapeseed cake and Candida utilis,the digestibility of worker bee to feed was significantly higher than that of the other two groups(P<0.05);(3)The protein content in the head of worker bee was significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.05);(4)The activity of α-amylase in midgut of protein powder and beer yeast was significantly higher than that of other two groups(P < 0.05).Experiment 2: Study on the nutritional value of bee pollen substitute feed made from corn protein powder,rapeseed cake,beer yeast and Candida prion.During the autumn breeding period,20 colonies of Apis mellifera ligustica were randomly divided into 4 groups(corn protein powder group,rapeseed cake Group,brewer’s yeast group and Candida prion producing group),each group was fed with 4 kinds of pollen substitute feeds with different protein sources.The pre feeding period was 14 days,and the formal trial period was 40 days.The potential of different protein sources as bee pollen substitute feed was compared.During the experiment,the feed intake of the colony was recorded every 3 days,and the colony potential was measured on the 12 th,24th and 36 th day;on the 21 st day of the formal experiment,the new worker bees were selected to measure their birth weight,and marked with a marker;the worker bees were dissected on the 7th and 14 th day of age,and the midgut was separated after dissection,and the digestive enzyme activity in the midgut was measured;the worker bees were collected on the 7th and 14 th day,respectively D worker bee,the head,chest and abdomen of worker bee were separated,the wings and legs of worker bee were removed,the whole intestines(including honey SAC)were removed in abdomen,the crude protein content of different tissue parts was measured,and the expression of antioxidant genes SOD1,SOD2 and CAT m RNA of worker bee body were measured on 7 and 14 days respectively.The results showed that:(1)the feed intake of Saccharomyces cerevisiae group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P < 0.05);The results showed that the activity of trypsin and α-amylase in midgut of worker bee was significantly higher than that of rapeseed cake Group and Candida prion group(P<0.05);The content of crude protein in the head of worker bee was significantly higher than that in the rapeseed cake Group(P<0.05).The results showed that the feed of rapeseed cake and Candida prion could significantly improve the digestibility of the colony,but could not increase the feed intake and the population potential.On the contrary,corn gluten meal and beer yeast can not only increase the intake of bee colony and the growth of bee colony potential,increase the initial weight and the content of crude protein in the head of worker bee,but also stimulate the activity of digestive enzyme in the midgut of worker bee,so corn gluten meal and beer yeast are expected to be the protein source of bee pollen substitute feed. |
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