Effects Of Earthworm Manure On Grape Growth Quality And Soil

In the grape growing process,the nutrition required mainly comes from fertilizers.At present,earthworm dung,as a plant slow-release fertilizer,is widely used in promoting the growth of plant roots,improving crop yield and quality,and has important significance in improving soil biological activity and improving physical and chemical properties.At present earthworm dung in crops,vegetables and other plants,has made some research results.In this experiment,annual and perennial grapes were used as test materials.Cuttings of three varieties,’Moldova’,’Ruby Seedless’,and ’A17’ were selected for annual grapes.Through potting substrate test,earthworm dung,peat,and garden soil were selected.Each ratio treatment,track its growth,determine the growth index and root index,calculate the germination rate in the second year after planting in the field;For the perennial grapes,the biennial ’Tiangongmoyu’ grapes were selected and fertilized during the germination,coloring,and swelling stages.The fertilization rates of 4000 kg/ha,8000 kg/ha,and 12000 kg/ha were determined.Physical and chemical properties of soil.The optimal substrate ratio for the growth of grape cuttings and the optimal fertilization rate for perennial grape growth were studied.The results are as follows:(1)Substrate culture can provide nutrients needed by grape cuttings and promote root growth.Among them,Vermicompost: peat: garden soil = 2: 3: 1 has the most obvious effect on the growth of ’Moldova’ grapes.When transplanted to the field 60 days after planting,the plant height increased by 16.05% and the stem thickness increased by 21.53% Internode length increased by 33.78%,leaf area increased by 29.25%,and chlorophyll increased by 24.72%;Root length increased by 36.40%,root surface area increased by 45.98%,root shadow area increased by 33.00%,root volume increased by 39.61%,and number of root tips increased by 13.21%(P <0.05).(2)The substrate treatment added with earthworm dung all promoted the growth of ’Ruby Seedless’ grapes to different degrees.The growth effect of Vermicompost: peat: garden soil = 2: 3: 1 was the best.After 60 days of planting,the field was transplanted.The growth index was as high as 41 cm,the stem thickness was 7.86 mm,the fifth internode length was 26.27 cm,the leaf area was 288.78 cm2,and the chlorophyll was 25.41 %.Root length,root surface area,and root shadow Area,root volume,and number of root tips reached 590.12 cm,356.03cm2,108.63cm2,71.83cm3,and 943.33 respectively.(3)Among the six kinds of purple sweet grapes treated with Vermicompost manure matrix,the growth index and root index of Vermicompost manure: peat: orchards =2:3:1 showed the best.After 60 days of planting,the plant height was 50.37 cm,the stem base was 8.06 mm thick,the internode length was 25.60 cm,the leaf area reached 233.86 cm2,and the chlorophyll was 79.37%.The volume and the number of apex reached 491.09 cm,282.09cm2,78.42cm2,57.18cm3,and 897.00 respectively.(4)In the fertilization treatment of ’Tiangongmoyu’ grape,fertilization treatment 2,that is,8000 kg/ha Vermicompost performed best in single grain weight,volume,vertical diameter,horizontal diameter,ear width,and ear weight,reaching 3.87 g and 3.83 respectively.ml,20.19 mm,17.94 mm,9.27 cm,0.18kg;fertilization treatment 2 had the best effect on the inherent quality of ’Tiangong Moyu’ grape fruit.The soluble solids content reached 21.57%,the Vc content reached 12.75 ml/100 ml,the total sugar content reached 66.55%,and the titratable acid content was 3.50g/100 ml.(5)In the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of ‘Tiangongmoyu’ grape growing soil,fertilization treatment 2 and 3 performed well.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the improvement effect and cost balance,it was considered that the fertilization treatment 2,that is,8000 kg/ha earthworm manure is suitable for grape cultivation.In the 0-30 cm soil layer,the p H,bulk density,organic matter,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium are soil p H units,1.15 g/m3,4.74 g/kg,1.10 g/kg,135.07 mg/kg,22.39 mg/kg,127.99 mg/kg;30-60 cm soil layer,p H,porosity,bulk density,organic matter,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen are 6.11 soil p H units,49.32%,1.40 g/m3,4.17 g/kg,1.00 g/kg,105.71 mg/kg,20.13 mg/kg,114.65 mg/kg,68.80 mg/kg,72.05 mg/kg.