| Northern Anhui is a major grain producing area,and also an important area for livestock and poultry breeding.The annual application of chemical fertilizer to grain crops leads to the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties,the imbalance of the proportion of fertility elements in cultivated land,and a series of production and environmental problems in the return of crop straw to the field,which seriously affects the sustainable development of agriculture.Lack of high-quality forage in scale farming,low level of resource disposal of livestock manure,resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution.The study on the effect of sheep dung returning to the yield and quality of the forage crops and the effect of soil cultivation on the yield and quality of forage crops and the resource utilization of poultry and livestock manure in the main grain producing areas in Northern Anhui Province were constructed by the study of the agricultural and animal husbandry combined with farming system in Northern Anhui Province.To achieve the purpose of agriculture and animal husbandry circulation and efficient utilization of agricultural resources.In this experiment,the effects of sheep dung returning on the yield and quality of the fodder,greenhouse gas(Nitrous Oxide,methane,carbon dioxide),soil fertility,soil nitrate nitrogen/ammonium nitrogen and nitrogen recovery were studied in the field of black soil and black soil in Northern Anhui Province.In the black wheat season,6 treatments were set up:CK,30t/hm~2(A),sheep dung 60t/hm~2(B),use of sheep dung 90t/hm~2(C),sheep dung 120t/hm2(D),and 150t/hm2(E)of sheep dung.In the corn season,two fertilization modes were set up on the base of the first crop:(1)6 treatments in the corn season were not fertilized,which were(CK),(A1),(B1),(C1),(D1)and(E1).(2)continue to use the amount of fertilizer in the rye season,respectively,(CK),(A2),(B2),(C2),(D2),(E2).The main results are as follows:(1)By comparing the yield of annual dry grass under the model of double season fertilization,it is concluded that the treatment of sheep dung can be significant(P<0.05)and the yield of dry grass in Silage Corn except A2 can not increase annual hay yield.Rye has a weak response to fertilizer.Under the single cropping mode,the yield of dry grass increased by A1 treatment was not significant,and the other treatments could obtain the strong fertility of organic manure and the later effect was significant(P<0.05).By fitting the curve of the whole plant maize yield and the amount of sheep dung,it was found that under the single season fertilization model,the yield of the whole plant was positively related to the amount of fertilization in the previous crop,and the maximum value was found under the model of double season fertilization.The amount of fertilizer applied to the maximum yield was about 118.11t/hm2,and it was very close to the amount of fertilizer 120 t/hm2treated with D2,so D2 was recommended.Treatment as a high yield fertilizer.(2)Under the model of double season fertilization,the high yield of A2 but the content of crude protein(P<0.05)was significantly lower than that of other treatments.The crude protein content of other treatments was significantly higher than that of A2 treatment and there was no difference between each other.The nitrogen was less than that in the fertilizer amount,and the neutral detergent fiber treated by A2 was not different from CK,and the other treatments were significantly lower than that of the other treatments(P<0.05).The content of neutral detergent fiber,E2 treatment neutral detergent fiber content was significantly lower than other treatment,the best comprehensive quality.In the corn season without fertilization mode,the lowest yield of A1 treatment neutral washing fiber content is the lowest,the quality is the best,but at the same time(P<0.05)lower than other treatments.E1 treatment yield was significantly higher(P<0.05)than other treatments,neutral detergent fiber content was significantly higher(P<0.05)than other treatments,the worst quality.(3)Under the model of double cropping with sheep dung,the soil physical properties could be improved significantly by each treatment than CK,and the soil storage capacity was improved significantly(P<0.05).All the indexes of D2 treatment reached the first level of soil,and the effect of soil cultivation was significant(P<0.05)better than that of other treatments.In the single season fertilization model,the physical properties of A1 treated at the end of the season were no different than that of CK,and the decomposition of B1 and above could be significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05)to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil.(4)The annual greenhouse gas emission was closely related to the seasonal and temperature changes.The annual cumulative emission of D2 was significantly lower than that of other treatments(P<0.05),and the environmental benefits were the best.The greenhouse gas potential for greenhouse gases contributed by carbon dioxide accounted for the vast majority,followed by Nitrous Oxide.Methane accumulated as sink sink and absorbed emission fluxes were extremely low..(5)The annual nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen change were affected by water and heat.The high fertilizer application rate did not show significant nitrogen supply in the early stage,but the fertility was long and the fertility in late stage was strong.(6)The nitrogen recovery rate was A1>C1>B1>D1>E1 under the single season fertilization model and the nitrogen recovery rate was C2>B2>D2>A2>E2 under the single season fertilization model by comparing the nitrogen recovery rate and the nitrogen utilization rate under the two modes.In the two models,the nitrogen utilization rate decreased with the increase of the fertilizer amount,and the two season fertilization model was the same.The treatment is less than that of the corresponding single season fertilization.Considering the yield and quality of forage,the effect of soil fertility and greenhouse gas emissions,it is considered that the single season fertilization model in this experiment is low in overall yield and in corn season,but it is beneficial to increase efficiency and reduce cost,and can increase a certain amount of soil nutrient storage capacity,among which the maximum amount of sheep manure is E1(Only rye single season use of sheep dung 150t/hm~2)has the best comprehensive effect.If only single season fertilization is only used in Suzhou area of Northern Anhui Province,the amount of sheep dung application is still up.Under the double season fertilization model,D2 treatment(two season continuous use of sheep dung 120t/hm2)has the highest yield,the better quality,the best environmental benefit and the best fertilization effect,therefore the two season.Continuous application of sheep manure 120t/hm~2 can be used as reference and optimization model for sheep manure returning to the fields in the sandy black soil area of Northern Anhui. |
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