Research On Construction And Operation Technology Of Virtual Power Plant Considering Multiple Demand Side Resources

In order to achieve the strategic goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality",China needs to greatly increase the scale of renewable energy generation.Distributed generation resources such as wind and photovoltaic generation are important forms of renewable energy generation,but the volatility and uncertainty of their output power are significant,posing a severe challenge to the safe and stable operation of the power system.Distributed resources have the characteristics of large number,small capacity,and scattered locations,so they are difficult to be dispatched by the power system,and they are not qualified to participate in electricity market.Virtual power plant can aggregate distributed resources.On the one hand,it can smooth the fluctuation of the output power of distributed generation resources,on the other hand,it can scale the capacity of distributed resources to be dispatched by the power system or participate in electricity market and obtain economic benefits.There are many types of distributed resources on the demand side of electricity,and communication base station energy storage is one of them.The number of communication base stations in China is currently increasing rapidly.Energy storage is a backup power source for communication base stations.Under the condition of ensuring the normal communication of wireless communication users in the event of a power outage,communication base station energy storage can be called for charging and discharging,so it has considerable potential for regulation.Communication base station energy storage is still regarded as an uncontrollable resource,and has not been included in virtual power plant.In this paper,three types of distributed resources on the demand side of electricity,namely,communication base station energy storage,distributed wind turbines,and micro gas turbines,are included in virtual power plant,and the construction and operation technology of this type of virtual power plant are studied.First,the relationship model between the electricity quantity of the communication base station energy storage and the user’s signal to interference and noise ratio and the system load of communication base station is constructed based on the wireless communication model.Considering the constraints of the user’s communication quality and the system load of communication base station,a method for evaluating the minimum electricity quantity of the communication base station energy storage is proposed.Then,a selection method of the communication base station energy storage included in virtual power plant and the construction method of the minimum power constraint are proposed.A two-tier optimization model for capacity allocation of virtual power plant resources is established,in which the upper-level goal is to maximize the total profit of construction and operation,and the lower-level goal is to maximize the profit of operation.The harmony search algorithm embedded with the particle swarm algorithm with decreasing inertia weight exponent is adopted to solve the model.Finally,a screening method for the minimum electricity quantity constraint of the communication base station energy storage considering the association of two adjacent periods is proposed.Considering the forecast errors of wind turbine output power and load,the reserve constraint of virtual power plant is constructed based on chance constraint.Based on the conditional value-at-risk theory,an operational risk model of virtual power plant is established,and on this basis,an optimal operation strategy for virtual power plant to participate in market transactions is proposed.