Research On Traffic Demand Management Strategy Based On Road Pricing And Tradable Credits Schemes Under The Low-carbon Target

With the deepening of urbanization and motorization,traffic congestion and traffic carbon emissions have become increasingly prominent,which hinder the sustainable development of the city.Traffic demand management measures can regulate the travel demand of the road network and affect the travel behavior of travelers,so as to achieve the expected traffic distribution state of the road network,so as to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction and alleviate traffic congestion.This paper studies the emission reduction charging scheme under the uncertainty of emission factor and emission capacity,and the low-carbon goal oriented tradable credit management strategy under the hybrid autonomous driving environment.Combined with the theories and methods of traffic planning,optimization theory,uncertain planning and bi level programming,the optimization model and method of traffic demand management strategy based on emission are studied.Firstly,the paper studies the emission reduction charge model under the condition of uncertainty of emission factors and emission capacity.The model can reflect the risk preference of emission constraints and the fuzzy requirements of emission capacity constraints of managers,and provide the managers with emission charge reference.Specifically,according to the uncertainty of emission factors,this paper introduces random variables to deal with the multiple uncertainties of vehicle emission measurement.At the same time,it constructs random fuzzy road emission capacity constraints through chance constrained programming and fuzzy programming,which directly reflects the decision makers’ requirements for local road emission management.In this paper,a two-step fuzzy stochastic programming(TFSP)model based on link pricing subsidy regulation in complex emission uncertainty environment is established,in which the first step is the maximum flow allocation model with emission constraints,and the second step is the minimum road pricing model with user equilibrium constraints,The two-step model can obtain the optimal traffic distribution and charge subsidy policy under the user equilibrium state.Then,a fuzzy stochastic nonlinear optimization algorithm based on piecewise linearization is proposed,which transforms the uncertain nonlinear programming model into the deterministic linear programming model.Finally,the paper takes the experimental road network and actual road network as the research objects to verify the model,discusses how to induce the travelers to choose the low-carbon travel path through the demand management strategy of charge subsidy combination,and compares and analyzes the improvement effect of emissions and congestion under different emission levels and capacity constraints.Then,the paper studies the low-carbon goal oriented tradable credits management strategy in the hybrid automatic driving environment,which provides the demand management basis for realizing the low-carbon goal in the hybrid automatic driving environment.Specifically,this paper constructs a bi-level programming model of social welfare maximization with hybrid autonomous driving environment and low-carbon goal orientation,in which the upper level model is the social welfare maximization model with carbon emission constraints,and the goals include user surplus,total travel time,and transaction cost of tradable credits.The lower layer is the hybrid equilibrium allocation model of automatic driving vehicles and conventional driving vehicles under the tradable credits scheme.According to the path selection behavior of different users,different path generalized cost calculation methods are constructed.In this paper,genetic algorithm,diagonalization algorithm and gradient projection algorithm are combined to solve the model.Finally,the paper takes the actual road network as the research case,verifies the model,studies the tradable credits scheme and the cooperative control of autonomous vehicles to optimize the performance of the road network,and discusses the influence of different parameters on the emission and performance of the road network.