| Recently,with the extensive popularization of Electronic toll collection(ETC)technology and the overall improvement of highway networked tolling technology,China canceled main line provincial toll booths at the beginning of 2020,effectively easing expressway congestion.However,the starting and finishing points of the main line still need to be retained,which may become a new pain point in the future.Since the layout design of toll station directly affects the ability of the road and the level of service,this paper studies the design theory of toll station from the point of view of toll station layout,which can adapt to the development and change of expressway,and provides reference for the overall layout of toll station.Research contents include:(1)The theory of toll station layout form and traffic flow characteristics.This paper expounds the basic types of toll stations and the structure and function of infrastructure,sums up the linear layout design index quantitatively and puts forward the configuration method of the number of lanes.This paper summarizes the types of toll vehicles,analyzes the service time characteristics of MTC and ETC lanes,puts forward the calculation method of capacity,and designs the service level grade table based on the traffic flow theory.(2)Establish the vehicle delay model based on the structure of toll station.In the micro simulation background,a number of parameters affecting the delay time of vehicles were designed quantitatively,and the orthogonal design among the parameters constituted a variety of simulation scenarios.120 kinds of entrance scenarios and 468 kinds of exit scenarios were obtained,and the average delay time data of vehicles was derived with the help of VISSIM simulation.The vehicle delay models at the entrance and exit of toll stations were established by the method of symbolic regression.(3)Construction of toll station layout model.By analyzing the interest relationship between operators and passengers,the paper studies the relationship between toll station layout and construction,operation and delay costs from the perspective of economic cost.The influencing factors of the three types of costs are analyzed,and the parameters and calculation methods related to the layout form of toll stations are determined.Taking the sum of the three types of costs as the objective function,a toll station layout model is constructed under the constraints of lane number,traffic demand and service level.(4)Propose the dynamic opening method of toll station lane.According to the dynamic demand change of traffic flow,the resource utilization and consumption of toll stations under operation condition are studied,and the energy consumption,operation and delay cost functions are given based on the queuing characteristics of vehicles and the number of lanes open.On the premise of determining the layout of toll stations and aiming at minimizing the sum of three types of costs,the dynamic change of traffic demand is analyzed,and the dynamic opening method of toll station lane is put forward.(5)Take the existing toll station as the research object for case study.Based on the analysis of geographical features,layout forms and traffic distribution characteristics,the lane configuration scheme and the linear index of the overall toll station layout are obtained by using the toll station layout model.Based on this scheme,the dynamic opening scheme of the full day lane is solved.The results show that the calculated results of the model are more consistent with the change law of the whole day traffic than the existing lane opening mode.This paper totally has 24 figures,30 tables and 61 references. |
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