Activity-based Carpool Commuting Behavior And Utility Equilibrium Analysis

With the rapid economic development,the living standards of urban residents have gradually improved,and residents’ travel needs have increased at the same time.Almost all large cities have problems such as long travel time,road congestion and serious environmental pollution.How to better reduce urban roads Traffic load and alleviating the existing traffic congestion has always been an important research topic in the field of transportation.In recent years,carpooling has gradually entered the public’s sight.Several people on the same or adjacent routes can choose to take the same car to commute to get off work,school,travel,etc.The fuel,toll,and even parking fees incurred during the trip are up to everyone.Apportion.Compared with public transportation methods such as buses and subways,the car-sharing travel mode provides passengers with more comfortable and personalized services;and compared with traditional taxis and online taxis,this mode can increase vehicle utilization and reduce passenger travel costs.At the same time,it has a positive effect on alleviating urban traffic congestion and reducing environmental pollution.Although carpooling has the advantages of low cost and environmental protection,there are also some obstacles,such as physical and psychological obstacles,attitudes and perceptions,which result in a low proportion of carpooling trips during peak periods.In this context,under the premise of the existence of the car-sharing model,this paper uses the bottleneck model as the basis,comprehensively considers the activity utility and travel cost of commuters at home and work,and studies the dynamic user balance problem during the morning peak commuting process.In addition,from the perspective of eliminating queuing costs,this paper formulates a systematically optimal dynamic charging strategy,which can assist road managers in formulating congestion charging policies,and further provides new ideas for solving urban congestion problems.This article first explored the changes in travel behavior of morning rush commuters under the existence of the car-sharing model through questionnaire surveys.Studies have shown that when the out-of-pocket cost is greater and the cost of carpooling is less,commuters who choose to travel by car are more willing to travel at both ends of the peak period,and commuters who choose carpooling are more willing to travel in the middle of the peak period.When the outof-pocket cost is smaller,When the cost of carpooling barriers is high,commuters choose the opposite.When the out-of-pocket cost is similar to the cost of carpooling barriers,commuters who choose carpooling and self-driving travel evenly during the morning peak.Secondly,based on the classic bottleneck model,this article comprehensively considers the utility of commuters’ activities at home and at work,and explores the morning peak commuting problem under the three travel roles of self-driving,carpooling and carpooling passengers,and derives the analytical equilibrium results(Departure rate,peak period,queue length,etc.).In the balance of users,no one can increase the net utility of his travel by changing his departure time or travel role.In addition,from the perspective of eliminating queuing costs,this paper introduces a dynamic congestion charging strategy,and derives the dynamic charging function and user equilibrium under the optimal system.Comparing the peak travel equilibrium results under no-toll and dynamic toll strategies,the study found that under the dynamic toll strategy,the number of travelers who choose carpooling increases,and the number of vehicles traveling will decrease under the condition that the total social demand for cars remains unchanged.The peak time interval is shortened,that is,the traffic congestion is significantly alleviated.Finally,for the user balance under no charge and charge,this paper provides a calculation example and sensitivity analysis to verify the conclusions in the paper.By setting the model parameters,using matlab to obtain the morning peak time interval,the total number of people who choose the two travel modes,and the net utility of commuters under the balance of users,it further shows that after the introduction of carpooling,dynamic charging can be achieved by changing The internalization of queuing congestion has prompted commuters to prefer carpooling,thereby further reducing the flow of road vehicles and achieving the purpose of alleviating traffic congestion in various cities.From a theoretical point of view,most of the current research on carpool commuting only considers the travel cost of the commuter,and does not consider the utility of the commuter’s morning activities at home and the work generated at the workplace.The departure time and travel role selection Impact.The research in this article fills the gaps in activity-based carpool commuting behavior research and provides theoretical support for future research.From a practical point of view,under the strategy of combining carpool prices and congestion charging,on the one hand,passengers can be encouraged to carpool to travel,reduce passengers’ travel costs,and ease the "difficult taxi" situation during peak periods.On the other hand,it can increase the passenger capacity of the vehicle,reduce the total mileage of the vehicle,and reduce the burden on the environment and energy.