| The self-powered sensors can operate actively and independently by grabbing environmental energy without any external power sources,which is considered as a promising route for solving the power supply problem in large-scale sensor networks.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)based on the self-powered concept were invented by Dr.Zhong Lin Wang’s group in 2012,which can be considered as a milestone in energy harvesting.Compared with previous energy conversion techniques,TENGs have advantages of alterable configuration,low cost,wide selection of materials and high output performance.Especially in the low-frequency mechanical energy grabbing,does the TENG exhibit a superior efficiency.Undoubtedly,TENGs can be used as self-powered sensors,leading to constructing battery-free sensing systems.A self-powered technology is a promising approach to achieving sustainable power supply in large-scale wireless sensor networks.Exploiting novel TENGs with merits of high environmental adaptability,structural sustainability and multimode operating has gaied increasing attention.This paper designs three kinds of TENG with different structures and different application scopes.Through the combination of experiment and simulation,the performance of TENG is improved and the application range of TENG is expanded.The specific research points of this paper are as follows:(1)Here we report a clock pointer-like triboelectric nanogenerator(CP-TENG)with two non-contact tribo layers which can deliver an abrasion-free operation.At the rotating rate of200?rpm,the AC signals express that the open-circuit voltage can reach 20.7?V with the short-circuit current of 0.2?μA,and the power achieve 0.38 W at a loading resistance of80?MΩ.The output voltage pulse frequency is tunable by subtly changing the number of electrodes that can improve output power density to some extent,which is adjustable between3.3 and 40 Hz.Due to the one-to-one correspondence between voltage pulses and counting points,a self-powered counting and timing systems have been demonstrated via a programmable software platform,and the measurement accuracy can be adjusted according to the output frequency.Furthermore,by integrating with a wind cup,a self-powered wind speed detector based on the CP-TENG indicates a superior real-time monitoring for wind speed attributed to accurately determining of algorithm parameter.This work not only pushes the development of self-powered systems,but also expands potential applications based on the TENG in intelligent interaction,environmental monitoring,industrial production and meteorological detecting.(2)We have designed a TENG based on magnetorheological elastomer(ME),which can realize self-driving magnetic field monitoring through novel design.The SEBS powder is mixed with liquid paraffin and magnetic fluid according to a certain mass ratio,heated and cooled at high temperature to form ME film,which has excellent stress performance.Combined with PTFE and Al membranes,the TENG driven by magnetic field force is designed.Using the elastic properties of ME,a pointer-type self-driving magnetic field monitoring sensor is designed.The four channels can be used to monitor the magnetic field in four directions in real time,which provides a new method for future intelligent technology and development. |
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