Microgrid System Configuration Optimization And Demand Response Pricing Mechanism

The rapid development of the global economy has continuously increased the demand for energy,and traditional energy sources are unable to meet the increasing demand for electricity.Distributed power generation systems with renewable energy power generation and energy storage devices have become a key technology and approach to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and replace traditional energy power generation.However,the intermittency and stability of renewable energy power generation have put forward new requirements for power optimization and demand response of microgrids.With the growth of power demand,the increasing peak load has made significant impact on the safety and stability of the power grid.Besides,with increasing demand for renewable energy and energy storage of consumers,the global energy market is undergoing drastic changes.A power generation system with solar photovoltaic power generation and energy storage is considered to be a technology that can reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and replace traditional energy generation.At the same time,the rapid growth of peak load is a severe challenge to the security and stability of modern power grids.In order to satisfy the high peak power demand of consumers,the traditional approach is to maintain the balance between demand and supply during peak time by increasing the peak-load power plants,which not only increases the cost of power generation,but also affects the interests of consumers and wastes resources.Compared with the traditional supply-side power supply,demandside management has significant economic and environmental benefits,and is considered to be an important means to adjust peak load.Making full use of users and power resources on the demand side and strengthening the real-time interaction between end consumers and the power grid has become one of the goals of modern power grids.In this paper,microgrid system configuration optimization and demand response pricing mechanism for residential users are studied respectively from the perspectives of supply side and demand side.On the supply side,this paper proposes a grid-connected distributed photovoltaic and energy storage power generation system which is more suitable for residential users.According to the electricity consumption pattern and demand of residential users,the optimization objective of taking into account the system cost and photovoltaic utilization ratio was constructed by considering the economy and applicability of the system.For the part of battery energy storage that has been generally ignored in previous studies,this paper adds the levelized cost of storage function by referring to the levelized cost of energy.Among the constraints of the optimization model,a more detailed and reasonable optimal scheduling scheme was proposed by considering the real-time electricity price of the grid and the charge and discharge cost of the battery.In addition,this paper uses the annual observation data of solar radiation from a power plant of Jiangsu Province,to verify the battery charge and discharge constraints and optimal scheduling strategy.On the demand side,in order to motivate power users to fully participate in the demand response,from the perspective of residential users,this paper establishes a residential user evaluation system based on an evaluation model by selecting indicators related to user characteristics and electricity consumption data,and as well proposes a new interactive real-time pricing mechanism.Then,a constrained multi-objective optimization model is constructed,and the optimal operation scheme of each appliance is optimized.Numerical simulation and case studies show that,interactive real-time pricing mechanism can dynamically adjust the electricity price according to the data of users’ electricity consumption,which can reduce the electricity cost of users and the fluctuation of electricity load significantly.Interactive real-time pricing mechanism and optimization model,for a single user,can minimize the cost of electricity while taking into account the user’s comfort.For a group,community or region,the diversity of users’ electricity demand can be more significantly improve the impact on the grid caused by load fluctuations.