Fermentation Of Biomass And Continuous Fermentation Apparatus

In recent years,with the continuous consumption of fossil energy,fossil resources have been continuously reduced.It is imperative to develop a low-polluting,renewable energy source to replace fossil energy.After coal,oil and natural gas,biomass energy has become the fourth largest energy source in the world today.Biomass energy is a renewable resource with abundant reserves.The world’s annual output is huge,which can ensure the long-term and stable utilization and development of resources.In the near future,it will become a highly advantageous alternative to fossil energy.Among them,crop straw contains very rich nutrients and is a very important renewable biomass energy source.The development of comprehensive utilization technology of crop straw resources has become the focus of attention all over the world.Crop straw is rich in cellulose,which can be used as an industrial raw material for the production of second-generation ethanol(cellulosic ethanol).Because of the high cost of cellulose degrading enzymes,the second-generation fuel ethanol,agricultural and forest waste(straw)cellulose technology is in the stage of industrialized experimental research and development,and large-scale industrialization has not yet been achieved.In this paper,the degradation of lignocellulosic difficult problem,Taking the process of ruminant digestion of cellulose as a bionic model,the rumen fungus was studied from collection,screening,purification and cultivation to cellulose reduction.And designed a set of biomass continuous fermentation system using biomass as raw material.The research results obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)This article studies the physiological characteristics of ruminant rumen.The study found that ruminant rumen is a high-efficiency cellulose degradation and digestion anaerobic continuous fermentation tank,which has a good ability to degrade straw-like cellulose.Currently any artificial fermentation system can not be compared.The whole process from ruminant feeding to digestion,and the physiological environment required for rumen microbial fermentation.The main indicators of rumen microbial living environment: PH: 6.0-7.0,temperature: 38℃-40℃,oxidation-reduction potential: 250-450 m V.It lays the foundation for the collection,screening,separation,purification experiment and cellulose degradation experiment of rumen fungi.(2)In this paper,the collection,separation,purification and cellulose degradation ability of anaerobic fungi in the rumen of sheep were carried out.Method: Use a disposable gastric tube to collect rumen fluid from the rumen of goats,screen the rumen fungus with the primary medium,and then culture it in an anaerobic box for 2 to 3 days.Purification of rumen anaerobic fungi by Heinz rolling tube method,culture for 4 to 5 days,Choose a single colony with better growth and better morphology,enrich it and cultivate for 2 to 3 days,and continue the Heinz rolling tube culture.After 3 to 4 generations of passage,a relatively pure single colony is obtained,and then the microscopic examination is performed.Cellulose degradation experiment.The results showed that the cultured anaerobic fungi had a better degradation effect on straw,about 10% of the filter paper was degraded,and about 20% of the straw was degraded.(3)In this paper,the fermentation characteristics of different parts of the fermented corn stalk co-cultured with rumen fungi and methanogens.Methods: Co-cultivation of rumen fungi and methanogens were used to co-culture and ferment corn stalk bark,leaves,and rongs.Three different fermentation substrate experiments were set up.For each substrate fermentation experiment,four groups of experiments were set up,one of which was a blank control.Measure the total gas production and methane production of 72 hours of fermentation,the disappearance rate of dry matter,the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose,the enzyme activity and the concentration of lactic acid,formic acid and acetic acid of the main products.The results showed that: Leaf and stalk pith total gas production and methane production,the dry matter loss,activity,lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations are higher than skin stalk.The results showed that: Straw leaf and straw pith total gas production and methane production,the dry matter loss,activity,lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations are higher than Straw bark.The dry matter disappearance rate of straw leaf is as high as 75%,and the dry matter disappearance rate of straw pith is as high as 82%.The concentration of acetic acid in the fermentation products of straw is much higher than that of formic acid and lactic acid.This shows that rumen fungi are very suitable for cellulose degradation,and the co-culture of rumen fungi and methanogens is very suitable for the preparation of acetic acid.(4)Through the experiment of co-cultivating and fermenting corn stalks with rumen fungi and methanogens,it can be seen that rumen fungi have good degradation ability to straw cellulose.Because,a physiological environment rumen fungi surviving more complex and difficult to implement engineering culture,and degradation of the straw.Using the method of coupled bionics,using the digestive system of ruminants as the bionic prototype,a set of biomass continuous fermentation system using biomass as raw material was designed.The digestion process of cellulose by ruminants is simulated,and the movement route and trajectory of materials are designed.