Study On The Emergency Mass Flow Evacuation Of Urban Rail Transit Station Considering Safety

With the continuous development of social economy,urban rail transit has long become the backbone of urban public transport system,and "safety" is the basis of the operation of urban rail transit stations.In recent years,the scale of urban rail transit network has been continuously expanded,and the passenger flow of urban rail transit has also increased sharply.However,due to the special geographical location of rail transit,the space is confined and limited,and the pedestrian movement area is also restricted.Once an emergency happens in the urban rail transit station,passengers need to be evacuated accurately and quickly.Any mistakes in any link will cause casualties.Therefore,studying the safety evacuation model of urban rail transit station can not only improve the evacuation efficiency of urban rail transit station and guarantee the safety of pedestrians,but also provide theoretical basis for the design and planning of urban rail transit station in the future.Safety evacuation is the basic strategy of pedestrian congestion control.This paper starts with the safety evacuation criteria of pedestrians in urban rail transit and studies the emergency mass evacuation of passengers in urban rail transit from the perspective of safety evacuation time.First analyses present situation at home and abroad from three aspects: the subway station line features of stream of people,the pedestrian evacuation time,and the modeling and simulation of crowd evacuation,summarizes the typical pedestrian path from the Angle of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics,comparing our country "standard of metro design(GB50157-2013),the United States" the NFPA130 "and Japan" the railway technical standard,"related definition and calculation formula of evacuation time,with reference to the performance-based building code for fire protection,standards for urban rail transit station pedestrian safety evacuation;Secondly,the evacuation path diagram of the urban rail transit station was constructed.Taking xi ’an road of dalian subway as the research object,the measured data were analyzed and analyzed to obtain the velocity-density curve and the relation formula of the pedestrian flow in the straight channel and the stairway of the upper and lower stairs,which provided the data basis for the construction of the pedestrian safety evacuation time model of the subway station.The pedestrian evacuation path is divided into three parts: pedestrian downflow vehicle model,platform evacuation model and equipment access model.The safety evacuation model of urban rail transit station in this paper is constructed by segmental research based on the collected data and theoretical results.Finally,a case study was carried out to verify the accuracy of the model in the case of surging passenger flow and flat peak.Four evacuation scenarios were set in zhengzhou subway station on Yellow River road as an example to verify the accuracy of the model in the case of surging passenger flow and flat peak state.The evacuation time was calculated by using the evacuation standards of China,the United States and Japan and the model constructed in this paper.The results of this model and the simulation results were compared and analyzed.It was found that the error of this model was small under different pedestrian flows,which verified the rationality and accuracy of this model.