Research On The Forecast Method Of Expressway Exit Based On Yellow Guardrail Color Belt

The exit area of an expressway is the only link between the expressway and the urban road or other intersecting roads.It is also the safety bottleneck of the expressway,with relatively severe security situation.Accident statistics from both domestic and abroad showed that accidents at and around the expressway entrance and exit accounted for more than 40%of highway accidents,and the exit is higher than entrance.At present,the facilities indicating the exit of the expressway are the export notice signs,and if the export notice signs are occluded or the information volume is overloaded,there will be a result that the driver’s prompt effect is not effective.In this case,the drivers fail to obtain the export information in a timely,accurate and effective manner in the expressway exit area.Thus,it is impossible to guarantee sufficient reaction time for the related operation,which eventually leads to accidents or emergencies.Based on the review of a large number of related papers,the concept of yellow guardrail color belt was proposed in this study.Based on the visual impact of yellow on people,the driver is given a strong export stimulus,which enhances the expressway exit notice and prompts the driver to pay attention to the export information.In order to verify the effectiveness of different yellow guardrail color belts,driving simulation experiments were conducted,inviting 48 participants to participate in four different driving simulation scenarios,combined with eye tracker and EEG equipment to capture the perceived distance,gaze time,as well as pupil area data such as speed,brain power,etc.Visual stimulation effects of different types of yellow guardrail color bands were analyzed to predict the strength and other issues.Set pair analysis（SPA）comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of yellow guardrail color bands.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:（1）In the driving scene with the yellow color belt,the attention of participants to the exit notice sign was increased,and their speed showed a significant decline.According to the results of EEG analysis,the experimental group with the yellow guardrail color band showed a significant increase in theβ-wave energy value of the brain wave compared with the blank group.Analysis of the subjective questionnaire survey results showed that,most of the participants believe that the yellow guardrail color belt can significantly improve the alertness of the expressway exit,which is consistent with the analysis results of EEG and eye movement data.（2）The effectiveness of three types of yellow guardrail color belt were evaluated in terms of four aspects of the yellow guardrail color belt,i.e.,alert effect,deceleration effect,visual effect,and the drivers’smooth control effect on the vehicle,by the set pair analysis（SPA）comprehensive evaluation method.The evaluation results showed that the evaluation level of the horizontal yellow guardrail color band is“very good”(quinary contact numberμ_horizontal=0.688),and the evaluation level of the full-coverage and vertical yellow guardrail color bands are“comparative good"(quinary contact numberμ_{full coverage}=0.587,μ_vertical=0.569).Therefore,the horizontal yellow guardrail color band is slightly more effective than the full-coverage and vertical yellow guardrail color belts,while the effectiveness of the full-coverage yellow guardrail color belt and the vertical yellow guardrail color belt showed no significant difference.