| As a country with a large population,the issue of residents’ travel has always been an important task of social development.Vigorously developing public transportation will help ease the pressure on urban transportation and reduce energy consumption.Electric vehicles have been widely adopted by public transportation companies in recent years due to their low noise and zero emission characteristics.Bus dispatching is of great significance for saving operating costs and ensuring service quality.Since electric bus dispatch has constraints such as driving range and charging time,it is more complicated than traditional fuel vehicle dispatch.The personnel scheduling needs to arrange the flight attendants to perform the corresponding driving shifts on the basis of vehicle scheduling.At the same time,the daily driving tasks of each flight attendant also need to meet the labor regulations of the state and the bus company.The main work of this paper includes:(1)Propose an electric bus dispatching method based on cultural genetic algorithm.First of all,the initial individual generation algorithm is designed to construct the initial group,and maintain the group diversity while ensuring the quality of the initial individual.Then,a crossover operation for the bus scheduling problem is designed for global search.Furthermore,three kinds of neighborhood search operators are improved,and they are combined with existing neighborhood search operators for local search.An evaluation function based on vehicle blocks is designed to guide the neighborhood search operator to search.In order to balance search efficiency and solution quality,a method combining three different insertion operations is constructed for neighborhood search.The method is applied to three actual bus lines in Qingdao.The experimental results show that compared with manual dispatching scheme,this method can reduce 1-7 vehicles and increase the average vehicle utilization rate by 6.2%-14.4%.This method has high computational efficiency,and the running time is less than 15 seconds.(2)A method based on variable neighborhood search is proposed for personnel scheduling.First,a new initial solution generation method is designed for different vehicle types in the personnel scheduling problem,and then six neighborhood search operators are designed and implemented for the random neighborhood search operation and the shock operation part of the method.Experiments on actual bus line data prove that the method proposed in this paper can generate solutions with the same quality as manual scheduling in 2 seconds.(3)For the vehicle and personnel integrated scheduling problem,this paper combines the vehicle scheduling method and personnel scheduling method mentioned above,and designs a vehicle and personnel integrated scheduling method based on cultural gene algorithm.Combining the initial solution algorithm of vehicle scheduling method with the initial solution algorithm of personnel scheduling method,an initial solution generation algorithm including both vehicle scheduling scheme and personnel scheduling scheme is generated.Compared with the two-stage sequence method,the experiment on the actual bus line data of the bus company proves that the algorithm proposed in this paper can further optimize the personnel scheduling scheme without affecting the quality of the vehicle scheduling scheme. |
