| In 2020,the world population has reached 7.6 billion,and the contradiction between population and land is becoming more and more serious.The real estate industry around the world is confronted with new challenges,and the miniaturization of buildings has become an important direction for the development of construction.Research and design of micro buildings is not only limited to meeting the basic living requirements,indoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort should also be taken into account.As a key factor in architectural design,spatial scale will magnify its influence on building thermal environment and human thermal comfort in micro buildings,which is of great research value.Based on the theories of physics,physiology and psychology,this paper studies the indoor thermal environment of micro buildings and the thermal comfort of human body under the situation of varied architectural spatial scale,and tries to explore the relationship between spatial scale and human perception.First of all,a test of the indoor thermal environment parameters were performed.It was found that when the heat source was just started up,the average indoor air temperature showed an exponential function with time,and the time for the average indoor air temperature to reach stability became longer with the increase of the spatial scale.When the indoor temperature reached equilibrium,the relationship between the indoor air temperature and the heat source power was linear,and the slope of the fitting straight decreased with the decrease of the spatial scale.Secondly,the angulars coefficient between every two surfaces were calculated by the method of contour integration in view of the complex case where there exist both human body and heat source in the room.On this basis,the steady state heat transfer mathematical model of indoor thermal environment parameters of micro buildings was established by adopting the radiation network calculation method.and the mathematical model was solved to calculate the temperature of each surface and the heat transfer capicity between the surfaces in various spatial scales.Subsequently,this paper studies the relationship between human physiological parameters and thermal comfort:(1)Through the statistical analysis of the experimental data of physiological parameters,it is concluded that the spatial scale of the body surface temperature in different parts of the human body is significantly different under different heat source power;Under the same heat source power,the spatial scale also has different significance on the surface temperature of different parts of the human body.Spatial scale has no significant effect on heart rate;It has no significant effect on subjects with normal blood pressure,but has a significant effect on subjects with high blood pressure.(2)Through the questionnaire survey and analysis,it suggests that the thermal sensation votes of both the local and the whole human body increase with the decrease of the spatial scale.When the spatial scale is smaller,the local thermal sensation and thermal comfort votes of each part are closer to the overall thermal sensation and thermal comfort votes.As the heat source increases,the overall thermal sensation and thermal comfort of the human body gradually separate,and the smaller the spatial scale,the more obvious this separation phenomenon.On the other hand,when the space scale becomes smaller,the proportion of subjects feeling oppressed gradually increases,and this psychological change will be reflected on the physiological level,thus affecting the thermal comfort of human body.(3)Through the analysis of the influence of local thermal sensation on the overall thermal sensation,it can be concluded that under the same spatial scale,different parts of thermal sensation have different influence weights on the overall thermal sensation;When the spatial scale changes,the local thermal sensation of the same part has different weights on the overall thermal sensation.As the spatial scale becomes smaller,the thermal sensation weight of the main factor becomes larger.Finally,this paper applied numerical simulation method on the indoor thermal environment of micro-buildings at different spatial scales,obtained nephograms of temperature,PMV and PPD under different conditions,and compared the indoor average values obtained by simulation with the experimental values and analytical values with analyzing the errors.On the other hand,the comparison between the PMV come from numerical simulation and the TSV come from questionnaire shows that the slope of the TSV curve of subjects is generally less than that of the PMV curve,which indicates that when the spatial scale changes.the ambient temperature of subjects deviates from the comfortable temperature,and the human body will adapt to the environment through physiological and psychological adjustment to improve its thermal state. |
