Research On Zero-carbon Settlements In Temperate Zone

The climate in Kunming is mild and solar energy resources are abundant.Therefore,residential buildings basically have no energy consumption of air conditioning and very little energy consumption of heating.Moreover,the government has taken various measures to promote the use of solar energy in buildings,and the usage rate of solar water heaters ranks among the top in China.Also,solar photovoltaic utilization rate has increased significantly.The above conditions provide the possibility for the realization of zero-carbon settlements.Therefore,this paper selects a constructed residential area in Kunming as the research object,and discusses the feasibility of zero-carbon residential area based on the calculation of current carbon emission.Firstly,this paper established a calculation model of carbon emissions for the whole life cycle(including the production stage of building materials,construction stage,use stage and demolition stage)of residential areas,and obtained the basic data of carbon emissions accounting for the whole life cycle of residential areas by means of literature review,and data calculation and analysis.Secondly,based on the low heating energy consumption and basically no air conditioning energy consumption for the residential building in the moderate area,a typical building in this residential area was selected to calculate the energy consumption of heating,air conditioning,lighting,domestic hot water,household appliances,cooking equipment and power equipment,as well as the energy consumption of the basement.Then,according to the whole-life cycle carbon emission model,relevant basic data and the total energy consumption in the use stage,the whole-life carbon emissions of the residential building system,the road system and the whole-life carbon sequestration amount of the green space system are obtained.Finally,the feasibility of zero-carbon residential areas is analyzed according to the feasible carbon emission reduction measures.The main results are as follows:(1)the total life cycle carbon emissions of the above-ground building are 1.16×10~5t,the total life cycle carbon emissions of the basement building are 2.66×10~4t,the total life cycle carbon emissions of the road system are 3.48×10~3t,the total life cycle carbon sequestration of the green space system is 3.97×10~4t,and the total life cycle carbon emissions of the residential area are 1.06×10~5t.(2)the number of buildings in the community is reduced,and only build 6a will be retained.At this time,the carbon emissions of the building system are 3.62×10~4t,the carbon emissions of the road system are 1.69×10~3t,and the carbon sequestration amount of the green space system is 5.06×10~4t,so the total life cycle carbon emissions of the residential area are-1.27×10~4t.(3)the number of building floors is reduced to 6,and solar photovoltaic system is added.At this time,the whole-life carbon emissions of the building system are3.11×10~4t,the whole-life carbon emissions of the road system are 3.48×10~3t,the carbon emissions neutralized by the photovoltaic power generation system and the green space system are 3.97×10~4t,and the whole-life carbon emissions of the residential area are-5.15×10~3t.Based on the research results of this paper,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)in the whole life cycle carbon emissions of building systems,the proportion of the production stage of building materials and the use stage is the highest,accounting for 38.40%and 54.56%respectively.Concrete,steel and cement accounted for the highest proportion of carbon emissions in the production stage of building materials,accounting for 57.63%,28.43%and 5.83%respectively.(2)under the condition of keeping the number of building floors unchanged,zero-carbon residential areas can be realized by reducing the number of buildings,reducing the building and road land area,and increasing the green space area.At this time,the green land rate of the residential area is 77.67%,the plot ratio is 0.83,and the building density is 4.17%.(3)under the condition of keeping the green space area and the number of buildings unchanged and adding solar photovoltaic system,zero-carbon residential areas can be achieved by reducing the number of building floors and reducing the building area and building energy consumption.At this time,the green land rate of the residential area is 60.83%,the plot ratio is 0.73 and the building density is13.36%.